3D sensing and perception for precision weed management: a review of modalities, reconstruction pipelines, and context-aware detection

This journal article reviews recent advances in 3D sensing and perception for precision weed management, with a focus on sensing modalities, reconstruction pipelines, and context aware weed detection. The paper synthesizes current approaches used to acquire structural crop and weed information and evaluates their potential for improving selective, site specific weed control. It also identifies key technical challenges, research gaps, and future opportunities for integrating 3D perception into autonomous weed management systems. This publication provides researchers and agricultural engineers with a structured reference for developing more accurate and robust perception systems for precision weed control.