Ergonomic quantitative ergonomic assessment of long-handle farming tools among women farmers using camera-based analysis

This study conducted a quantitative ergonomic study evaluating how the physical design of long-handle farming tools — shovels and pitchforks — affects musculoskeletal strain in women farmers. Seven female participants performed simulated scooping and straw-tossing tasks using 18 tools (10 shovels, 8 pitchforks), while AI-based 3D pose estimation software (TuMeke) captured peak joint angles and computed RULA/REBA risk scores. The analysis found that tools with moderate handle lift heights (545–1111 mm), lift angles (27–56°), and lighter weights (<2.0 kg) reduced awkward hip and shoulder postures, while D-grip handles with an inward curve were preferred by 64% of participants for improved wrist comfort; two-way ANOVA confirmed statistically significant differences in ergonomic outcomes by both tool type and handle grip design. The authors conclude that because women have lower grip strength, smaller shoulder dimensions, and different anthropometrics than men, agricultural tools should be designed or selected with adjustable, sex-appropriate features to reduce MSD risk and improve productivity.