Identifying and Expanding Integrated Disease Management Resources to include Organic Grains in Support of Organic and Transitional North Central Farms

Progress report for LNC20-443

LNC20-443 (project overview)
Project Type: Research and Education
Funds awarded in 2020: $249,984.00
Projected End Date: 10/31/2024
Grant Recipient: Purdue University
Region: North Central
State: Indiana
Project Coordinator:
Dr. Darcy Telenko
Email
Purdue University
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Project Information

Summary:

The project titled “Identifying and Expanding Integrated Disease Management Resources to include Organic Grains in Support of Organic and Transitional North Central Farms” aims to increase the success of organic grain farms in the North Central Region. The demand for domestically-produced organic grain continues to increase, offering the opportunity for farmers in North Central Region to diversify their crop rotations and increase opportunities for the integration of cover crops. However, high disease incidence affects both quality and yield of organic grain, significantly limiting the expansion of acres. While organic farmers use a combination of strategies, including crop variety selection and crop rotation, to minimize disease occurrence, a dearth of information exists as to the efficacy of low-risk and organic-approved inputs to augment an integrated, ecological approach to disease management. Additionally, while cover crops managed as green or killed mulches are increasingly used as an ecological weed management tool (1), regionally-specific research is lacking regarding the impact of these cropping systems approaches on disease occurrence and management. This proposal aims to develop integrated disease management tools, providing farmers with rigorous, replicated data to optimally combine genetic, agronomic, and input-based tools into an Integrated Disease Management plan. An evaluation network will be developed to provide unbiased, replicated university data on OMRI approved products and cultural practices for organic grain crops. This project will initially focus research on three critical diseases in North Central grain production, Fusarium head blight on wheat (caused by Fusarium graminearum), white mold on soybean (caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and tar spot of corn (caused by Phyllachora maydis). Research results will contribute to the development of integrated disease management extension and outreach material aimed towards organic farmers working in Midwest grain cropping systems.

Project Objectives:

Our overall objective is to expand Integrated Disease Management (IDM) tools to include options for North Central organic grain production.

Objective 1. Organic IDM field trials with a focus on Fusarium head blight of wheat, white mold of soybean, and tar spot of corn.

Objective 2. Develop Organic-Based IDM outreach materials for North Central farmers.

This proposal initiates research required to fill this gap and establish testing and communication networks similar to those currently used in conventional production. Additional outcomes include increased use of lower-risk pesticides, and increased success and sustainability of farms transitioning or currently implementing certified organic production.

Introduction:

This project is unique as it aims to expand the limited tools and guidelines for disease management in organic grain production. The initial focus will be on three yield-limiting diseases of corn, soybean, and wheat production in the North Central Region. It will allow the establishment of integrated disease management trials for organic grain production in these crops as a pipeline for university based unbiased research.

Fusarium head blight, caused by Fusarium graminearum, and subsequent mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol (DON)) can cause annual losses in wheat (2). Fusarium head blight levels vary each year based on weather conditions, but it is constantly present and of concern to growers in the North Central Region. In 2018, 1.63% loss in wheat production were reported in the North Central States a value of $91.7 million (17.81 million bu loss) (3). In 2019, high levels of Fusarium head blight and subsequent DON production caused multiple load rejections across Indiana and Wisconsin. Current recommendations are limited for organic disease management in wheat.

White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, contributed to 57,089,000 bu loss in the northernmost United States in 2017 (3;4), and in 2018 an estimated 1.1 million bu loss occurred in Indiana and 2.4 million bu loss in soybean in Wisconsin (3). Recent research in the northeast indicate that rye cover crops and biological control strategies can reduce white mold in dry bean and soybean production systems (5; 6); however, little is known regarding their utility and implementation in organic production systems in the North Central Region.

Tar spot of corn has spread from initial detection in 2015 and has become established in nine states (Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin). In 2018, tar spot caused 20-60 bu/A yield losses in corn production areas of upper Indiana and most of the corn belt of Wisconsin (7). Yield losses totaled more than $658 million in the North Central Region (3). Management options for tar spot is currently limited in both conventional and organic corn production. Complete hybrid resistance is not known and fungicide efficacy is limited and depends heavily on timing. In organic productions systems, nothing is known about efficacy of OMRI approved products for use against tar spot.

A search of resources currently available for disease management in organic grain production is limited nationally and none are readily available for the North Central Region. Most information that is provided from disease management in organic grains is general in nature without specific efficacy information about OMRI approved products. In addition, there are currently 366 active ingredients registered as biopesticides (biochemical and microbial) under the EPA and over 1500 products listed for crop pest, weed, and disease control in a OMRI product search (8,9). Plant Disease Management Reports are a way for rapid sharing of plant disease management results – a search of those led to only 247 records with organic product evaluation and only 20 were on field crops (3 on organic barley, and 17 organic rice) (10). These demonstrate that there is still a large gap in providing unbiased efficacy data to be used by organic grain farmers to help them make disease management decisions on their farms. This proposal aims to initiate research to begin to fill this gap. Especially as many of our farms are looking at new ways to generate on-farm revenue, specializing in organic grain production may be a venue, developing resources for them to successfully transition is of great need.  

Cooperators

Click linked name(s) to expand/collapse or show everyone's info
  • Camila Rocco Da Silva
  • Kelly Debbink
  • Kelly Cheesewright
  • Dan DeSutter
  • Michael O'Donnell

Research

Hypothesis:

Field crop diseases affect both quality and yield of organic grain, potentially limiting the expansion of acres. This proposal aims to develop integrated disease management tools, providing farmers with rigorous, replicated data to optimally combine genetic, agronomic, and input-based tools into an Integrated Disease Management plan. Expansion of these tools will increase the financial success and sustainability of farms transitioning or currently implementing certified organic production. 

Our proposal aims to establish an evaluation network that will provide unbiased, replicated university data on OMRI approved products and cultural practices for organic grain crops. This information can be used by all grain crop production systems to augment an integrated, ecological approach to disease management, increase the use of cover crops, and identify lower-risk pesticides that will help to sustain and improve environmental impacts in agriculture.

Materials and methods:

The multi-faceted approach for organic integrated disease management (IDM) will include the following objectives:

Objective 1. Organic IDM field trials with a focus on Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, white mold of soybean, and tar spot of corn.

Multi-year trials will be established at both Purdue Agricultural Centers and Wisconsin Agricultural Research Stations, and at on-farm demonstration sites based on crop and disease history. All trials will be managed according to standard organic and agronomic practices. Treatment applications will be made according to current weather-based prediction models for each disease. These include using the Fusarium Risk Assessment Tool for Fusarium head blight of wheat (wheatscab.psu.edu), Sporecaster App for white mold on soybean (11), and new Tarspotter App for tar spot of corn (12). A randomized complete block design with four replications will be used as standard trial design. A preliminary list of OMRI products for evaluation include those that contain Coniothrium minitans, Bacillus amyloliquifaciens, Reynoutria sachalinensis, Streptomyces lydicus, and copper hydroxide. Data collection will include standard incidence and severity for each disease, yield parameters, on-site weather data, and cost analysis for feasibility. The organic corn, soybean and wheat enterprise budget tools from Purdue will be leveraged for cost analysis (13). All data will be analyzed using a mixed model analysis of variance (P=0.05) and means separated using least significant difference (LSD; α=0.05).

1a. IDM for FHB in organic winter wheat. Research question: Are there current varieties and OMRI products available that can minimize FHB in organic wheat?

Wheat trials will be established the preceding fall for implementation in the spring. A factorial experimental design of variety and OMRI products will be established. University sites will be inoculated approximately 24-36 hours after the anthesis treatment is applied with a spore suspension (50,000 spores/ml) consisting of a mixture of Fusarium graminearum isolates endemic to each location. Each state will identify at least two modern organic wheat varieties using Scab Smart that show moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight and at least four OMRI approved products for evaluation, these will be applied Feekes 10.5.1.

Treatment list for OMRI products evaluation in wheat:

    1. Non-treated control
    2. Prosaro 421 SC 8.2 fl oz/A – standard conventional product
    3. ChampION 50 WP 1.5 lb/A
    4. Regalia 1 qt/A - Reynoutria sachalinensis
    5. SONATA 1 qt/A – Bacillus pumilus ­– QST 2808
    6. Actinovate 12 oz/A - Streptomyces lydicus- WYEC 108

Data collection will include Fusarium head blight standard incidence and severity ratings on 60-100 spikes per plot at the soft dough stage (Feekes 11.2) (14). Additional foliar diseases if noted will be documented and rated for percentage of flag leaf severity. Plots will be harvested with a plot combine and yield and test weight determined. Subsamples of grain from each plot will be tested for Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON) and bread-making quality.

 

1b. IDM for white mold in organic soybean. Research questions: Can an integrated approach provide adequate white mold control in organic soybean?  Trials will be established in fields with a history of white mold and/or infested with S. sclerotiorum. A factorial experimental design of tillage/cover crop, variety, and OMRI products will be used. A rye cover crop will be established the preceding fall for implementation of tillage in the trial in the spring. Tillage treatments will include tilled and no-tilled with rye roller-crimped. Two soybean varieties Dane and MN1410 both with moderate resistance will be planted. Foliar fungicide treatments will be applied based on Sporecaster App during soybean flowering from R1 to R4. The app forecasts the presence of apothecia in a field predicting the optimum timing for white mold treatment.

Treatment list for variety and OMRI product evaluation in soybean:

Tillage:

    1. Tilled non-treated control.
    2. No-tilled with rye roller-crimped

Varieties:

    1. Dane
    2. MN1410

Products: 

    1. Non-treated control
    2. Aproach 2.08 SC 8.0 fl oz/A – standard conventional product
    3. Double Nickel LC 2 qt/A – Bacillus amyloliquifaciens - D747
    4. Serifel 16 oz/A - Bacillus amyloliquifaciens – MBI600
    5. Actinovate 12 oz/A - Streptomyces lydicus - WYEC 108
    6. BotryStop 2 lb/A - Ulocladium oudemansii - U3

Data collection will include assessing Sclerotinia stem rot disease severity index (DSI). Thirty plants arbitrarily selected from the plots will be scored on a scale of 0-3 where 0=no infection; 1=infection on branches; 2=infection on mainstem with little effect on pod fill; 3=infection on mainstem resulting in death or poor pod fill. The scores of the 30 plants will be totaled and divided by 0.9 to generate DSI (12). The two center rows of each plot will be harvested and yields adjusted to 13% moisture.

 

1c. OMRI product efficacy trials for tar spot of corn. Research question: Do OMRI approved foliar fungicides show efficacy against tar spot of corn?

A simple randomized complete block experimental design will evaluate at least four OMRI products. Initial treatments will occur based on disease scouting, crop growth stage, and Tarspotter, a tar spot disease forecasting app, with application targeted at tassel or flowering and applied once or twice during the growing season. A top selling organic hybrid will be used in each state such as Blue River 38G54 (96 RM) or Great Harvest 52F3GH (102 RM).

Treatment list for OMRI products evaluation in corn:

    1. Non-treated control
    2. Headline Amp 14.4 fl oz – standard conventional product
    3. Serifel Bacillus amyloliquifaciens – MBI600
    4. Actinovate 12 oz/A - Streptomyces lydicus- WYEC 108
    5. Badge 1.8 pt/A – copper oxychlride + copper hydroxide
    6. Oxidate 2.0 – hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid

Data collection will include a minimum of three disease ratings including 2-week post application and at R5/R6. Disease ratings will include separate measurements of tar spot and other leaf diseases present. A minimum of 5 ear leaves per plots will be scored and averaged. The standardized tar spot rating chart will be used to record two numbers: one for percentage of tar spot stroma (fungal fruiting bodies), and one for symptoms of infection that include chlorosis, necrosis and leaf blight. A plot-wide estimate of percentage green canopy will be taken at the final R5 rating. Lodging scores will be collected where appropriate. The two center rows of each plot will be harvested and yields adjusted to 15.5% moisture.

 

1d. Assess new products, practices and disease risk on current organic grain farms. Two farms in each state will evaluate one or more of the IDM practices or products listed above on their farm. In addition, four farms in both states will be identified to work closely to scout for disease risk in all three crops (wheat, soybean, and corn). Data collected will include diseases (identification and severity) and production practices. This data will increase understanding of the feasibility of these IDM practices, current disease risks, and direct future research objectives with regards to organic grains disease management.

Objective 2. Develop Organic-Based IDM outreach materials for North Central farmers.

  1. Develop an Organic Grains Integrated Disease Management (IDM) Toolbox. The Organic Grains IDM Toolbox will be a web-based resource serving as a clearinghouse for information on genetic, agronomic, and input-based IDM tools for organic grains in the North Central Region.
  2. Development of Organic Grains Product Efficacy Tables for corn, soybean and wheat. These publications will be prepared in coordination with the Crop Protection Network and made available through the Organic Grains IDM Toolbox.
  3. Organic field days and conferences: Once each summer a field day integrating discussion-based education of organic IDM strategies and highlighting the research implemented will be held in each state. In Indiana, this will be held in conjunction with the Organic Agriculture Summer Program Series and held at the Pinney Purdue Agricultural Center, where both the soybean and corn research trials will be located. An additional field day in the summer program series could feature a cooperating farm that is testing a product or practice as part of the project. In Wisconsin, this program will be held in conjunction with the OGRAIN field days or at the annual organic field day at UW-Arlington. Findings will also be presented at Purdue Extension’s Indiana Organic Grain Farmer Meeting and UW-Madison’s OGRAIN Conference, 2-day conferences that have emerged in recent years as important regional farmer-focused organic grain education and networking events. At all programs, participants will be surveyed at the field days to document new knowledge gained and future implementation of IDM on their farms.

References cited:

  1. Willbur, J. F., Fall, M. L., Byrne, A. M., Chapman, S. A., McCaghy, M. M., Mueller, B. D., Schmidt, R., Chivers, M. I., Mueller, D. S., Kabbage, M., and Giesler, J., Conley, S. P., and Smith, D. L. 2018. Validating Sclerontina sclerotiorum apothecial models to predict Sclerotinia stem rot in soybean (Glycine max) fields. Plant Disease. 102:2592-2601. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-18-0245-RE.
  2. Smith, D. 2019. Tar spot on my mind. Crops, WCM Newsletter. June 20, 2019. (https://ipcm.wisc.edu/blog/2019/06/tar-spot-on-my-mind/.
  3. Crop Economic Resources. Purdue Agriculture Center for Commercial Agriculture. (https://ag.purdue.edu/commercialag/Pages/Resources.aspx?cat=Crop+Economics).
  4. Stack, R. W., and McMullen, M. P. 1998. A visual Scale to estimate severity of Fusarium head blight in wheat. NDSU Extension Service: Small Grains Publications. Online Publication/PP-1095.
  5. Grau, C. R., Radke, V. L, and Gillespie, F. L. 1982. Resistance of soybean cultivars to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Dis. 66:506-508
Research results and discussion:

The three years of research trials in wheat, soybean and corn were conducted in Indiana and Wisconsin for Objective 1 were completed, and the data has been summarized across locations. Data is currently being analyzed and final manuscripts are under development. 

In 2021, weather conditions were not favorable for Fusarium head blight (FHB). No differences between treatments for FHB incidence, severity and Index and non-treated control on 11 Jun. The % of Fusarium damaged kernals (FDK) was lowest in the Kaskaskia variety and when treated with Prosaro and Actinovate. The concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON) was lowest in the variety Kaskaskia. An application of Pacesetter increased DON over non-treated. There was no difference in treatment for wheat yield.

In Indiana 2021, very little white mold developed in plots. White mold was not observed in the plots. Frogeye leaf spot was the most prominent disease in the trial, but only reached low severity. Main effects of variety, cover crop termination, and fungicide treatments are presented since no significant interactions between tillage, variety, fungicide, except for tillage by variety in yield. Frogeye leaf spot severity was significantly reduced in the variety Dane when compared to MN1410. Roller-crimped rye increased yield of Dane as compared to full tillage, but there were no differences in yield of MN1410 with cover crop termination treatment.

In 2021, weather conditions were favorable for tar spot and it reached high severity. All fungicide treatments reduced tar spot stroma severity on ear leaf over the non-treated control. Headline Amp significantly reduced the percentage of symptomatic tissues on ear leaf. There was no significant difference between treatments for severity of NCLB on ear leaf. Headline Amp had a highest percent of green plots and corn yield. There were no significant differences between treatments for harvest moisture and test weight.

Indiana Trials 2021

In 2022, weather conditions in Indiana were moderately favorable for Fusarium head blight (FHB). Fusarium head blight (FHB) was the most prominent disease. There were no significant interactions between cultivar and fungicide treatments; therefore, main effects were examined. No differences were detected for FHB incidence and index in both cultivars Harpoon and Kaskaskia. In the cultivar Harpoon, FHB severity was reduced when compared to Kaskaskia. There were no differences in foliar treatments from nontreated control for FHB incidence, severity, and index. The concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON) was significantly lower in the cultivar Harpoon as compared to Kaskaskia, and when treated with Prosaro. There was no significant difference between treatments and cultivars for Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK). The cultivar Harpoon had a highest percent of wheat yield when compared to Kaskaskia.

In 2022, very little disease developed in the plots in Indiana. White mold was the most prominent disease and reached low severity. There were no significant interactions between cover crop termination, cultivar, and fungicide, but there was a significant interaction between tillage treatment and cultivar. White mold incidence and disease severity index (DIX) were greatest in the susceptible cultivar, Dwight under full-tillage, while the moderately resistant cultivar MN1410 has significantly less disease when planted in either full-tillage or roller-crimped rye. In addition, planting Dwight in the roller-crimped rye also significantly reduced disease when compared to the full-tillage system. Canopy greenness was highest and defoliation lowest for in the Dwight cultivar verses the MN14. No significant differences were found between tillage and cultivars in yield of soybean. There were no significant differences between the fungicide treatments and nontreated control for white mold, canopy greenness, defoliation and yield.

In 2022, very little disease developed in plots in Indiana. Tar spot, gray leaf spot (GLS) and northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) were present in the trial, but only remained at low levels. There was not significant interaction between hybrid and fungicide, therefore main effects of hybrid and fungicide were evaluated. No differences between hybrids for tar spot, GLS and NCLB were detected. ALSEED 0.84-95UP had significantly greener canopy and higher yield than 0.52-96 hybrid. No differences between treatments and nontreated control for tar spot, GLS, NCLB, canopy greenness, and yield of corn.

2022 Trial Summary Indiana

In 2023, weather conditions were not favorable for Fusarium head blight (FHB) where only low levels of FHB were detected in the trial. There were no significant interactions between variety and fungicide treatments; therefore, main effects of each are presented. In the variety Harpoon, FHB incidence, severity, and Index were reduced significantly when compared to Kaskaskia. There were no differences in treatments from the nontreated control for FHB incidence, severity, and Index when comparing fungicides. No fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and DON were detected in the subsamples evaluated. The variety Kaskaskia had greater yield when compared to Harpoon.

In 2023, very little disease developed in plots. White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) was the most prominent disease in the trial but only reached low severity. The main effects of variety, tillage, and fungicide treatments are presented and a second table on the significant interactions between tillage by fungicide, and variety by fungicide. Full tillage reduced white mold disease severity index (DIX) when compared to roller-crimped rye. There was a significant variety by fungicide interaction on white mold incidence (DI) and DIX where Double nickel increased the levels of DI and DIX when compared to nontreated control, significantly on Dwight and numerically on MN1410. DI and DIX on MN1410 when treated with Actinovate had a lowest mean of 0.7% and 0.6%, respectively, compared with all fungicide programs, although not significantly different than the non-treated control. A significant tillage by fungicide interaction was observed for percentage of canopy green where Serifel produced significantly greener canopy in the tilled plots compared with nontreated control and Endura produced significantly greener canopy in the roller-crimped plots. There was no difference in variety, fungicide, till by variety, till by fungicide, and till by variety by fungicide for DI and DIX. All the main effects and their interactions did not affect defoliation, and soybean yield.

In 2023, weather conditions were favorable for disease. Tar spot was the most prominent disease in the trial and reached moderate severity. There was only significant interaction between hybrid and fungicide for % green canopy; therefore, main effects of hybrid and fungicide were evaluated. No differences between hybrids were observed for tar spot stromata severity and yield. Tar spot stromata severity was significantly reduced over nontreated control by Headline AMP and Badge X2 on 9 Sep and 15 Sep, but were not significantly different from Serifel and Actinovate on 15 Sep. There was no difference in treatment for yield.

2023 Indiana Trial Summary

Participation Summary
3 Farmers participating in research

Education

Educational approach:

The suite of outreach tools and training that we plan to develop will provide new Integrated Disease Management (IDM) tools that can effectively target a wide range of clientele from agribusiness personnel to individual farmers and agricultural professionals in each state annually. Our aim is to help them meet the demand for domestically produced organic grain and increase their success and sustainability in transitioning or currently implementing certified organic grain production.

https://indianafieldcroppathology.com/organic-grains/

 

Project Activities

Northeast Purdue Agricultural Center Organic Field Day
OGRAIN workshop - Fusarium Head blight
Organic Grains Integrated Disease Management (IDM) Toolbox
Plant Disease Management Reports 2021
Plant Disease Management Reports 2023
Applied Research in Field Crop Pathology for Indiana 2021. BP-217-W. Purdue Extension.
Applied Research in Field Crop Pathology for Indiana 2022. Purdue Extension.
2023 Indiana Organic Grain Farmer Meeting
Plant Disease Management Reports 2024
Applied Research in Field Crop Pathology for Indiana 2023. Purdue Extension.

Educational & Outreach Activities

30 Consultations
3 Curricula, factsheets or educational tools
2 On-farm demonstrations
14 Webinars / talks / presentations
9 Workshop field days
10 Other educational activities: Graduate students presented 3 talks and gave 7 poster presentations at various scientific meetings.

Participation Summary:

1,834 Farmers participated
20 Ag professionals participated
Education/outreach description:
  1. 1/5/2021 OGRAIN Virtual Info Exchange, “Reducing Tillage in Organic Grain Systems.” 40 attendees.
  2. 1/22/2021 OGRAIN Friday Virtual Workshop, “Variety selection and disease management in organic food-grade grain production.” 50 attendees.
  3. 2/15/2021 OGRAIN Friday Virtual Workshop, “Reducing tillage in organic grain productions - latest in agronomics and equipment.” 150 attendees.
  4. 2/2/2021 Silva, E.M. 2021. Cover Crop-Based Organic Reduced Tillage Grain Production. Kentucky Organic Association Conference (Virtual Meeting).
  5. 2/19/2021 OGRAIN Virtual Info Exchange, “Reducing Tillage in Organic Grain Systems.” 40 attendees.
  6. 3/2/2021 OGRAIN Virtual Info Exchange, “Reducing Tillage in Organic Grain Systems.” 40 attendees.
  7. 5/26/2021 Badger Crop Connect, “Agronomic management with roller crimped winter cereal rye." 200 attendees.
  8. 7/1/2021 Cover crop termination field day at Arlington, “Using a roller-crimper to terminate cereal rye.” 75 attendees.
  9. 8/3/2021 NEPAC Organic Field Day, IN, Various presentation on organic ag research. 19 attendees.
  10. 8/24/2021 Organic Ag Field Day, WI, Various presentations highlighting organic ag research. 100 attendees.
  11. 10/7/2021 Biological Farmer Friends Field Day, Dane Co, WI, “Inter-seeding and roller-crimping.” 100 attendees.
  12. 3/18/2022 OGRAIN Virtual Workshop, "Disease Management." 50 attendees
  13. 8/17/2022 Indiana Organic field plots on Display at Pinney PAC field day. 20 attendees
  14. 8/3/2022 OGRAIN Field Day, Cuba City. 100 attendees
  15. 8/23/2022  UW Organic Ag Field Day, various presentations. 100 attendees
  16. 2/22/2023 Indiana Organic Grain Farmer Meeting. Project supported. 60 attendees.
  17. 8/2/2023 Indiana Northeast Purdue Ag Center Organic Field Day. Project supported. 40 attendees.
  18. 8/16/2023 Indiana organic field plots on display at Pinney PAC field day. Project supported. 15 attendees.
  19. 12/20/2023 Indiana CCA "Biological Fungicides: What are they? How do they work? Can we use them effectively in field crops?" 200 attendees.
  20.  2/2/2024 OGrain Conference "Identifying and Expanding Integrated Disease Management Resources to include Organic Grains in Support of Organic and Transitional North Central Farms" 100 attendees.
  21. 2/7/2023 NCR-SARE Farmers Forum "Identifying and Expanding Integrated Disease Management Resources to include Organic Grains in Support of Organic and Transitional North Central Farms" 35 attendees in session.
  22.  Extension article "Integrated Disease Management Strategies in Organic Grain Crops", a new publication written for sharing on Ograin website.
  23.  Three journal articles are under development to be submitted in the next couple of months.
    1. Debbink, K., Rocco da Silva, C., Silva, E. M., Mueller, B. D., Telenko, D. E. P., and Smith, D. L. XXXX. Integrated management Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean for organic production systems in the Midwest. To be submitted to Phytofrontiers
    2. Debbink, K., Rocco da Silva, C., Silva, E. M., Mueller, B. D., Telenko, D. E. P., and Smith, D. L. XXXX. Integrated management of Fusarium head blight of wheat for organic production systems in the Midwest. To be submitted to Plant Health Progress
    3. Rocco da Silva, C., Debbink, K., Silva, E. M., Mueller, B. D., Smith, D. L. and Telenko, D. E. P. XXXX. Integrated management of tar spot of corn for organic grain production in the Midwest. To be submitted to PHP
  24. Presentations (talks and posters) at scientific meetings
    1. Debbink, K., Da Silva, C. R., Mueller, B., Silva, E., Telenko, D. E. P., and Smith. D. L. 2022. Integrated management of Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol in organic winter wheat systems. Plant Health 2022. 20884. Oral technical talk August 2022.
    2. Da Silva, C. R. and Telenko, D. E. P. 2022. Management of Fusarium Head Blight in Organic Winter Wheat Production in Indiana. Graduate Student Plant Science Symposium – Plant Science Careers: Thinking Outside the Box. Nov 2022. Lightning Talk
    3. Da Silva, C. R. and Telenko, D. E. P. 2022. Management of Fusarium Head Blight in Organic Winter Wheat Production in Indiana. Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Dec 2023. Poster
    4. Da Silva, C. R. and Telenko, D. E. P. 2022. Evaluation of Foliar Fungicides and Organic Varieties for Scab Management in Central Indiana in 2021. Purdue Experience ACRE. Aug 2022. Poster
    5. Telenko, D. E. P. 2022. Evaluation of Integrated Disease Management Options for Conventional and Organic Wheat Production in Indiana. Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Dec 2023. Invited speaker
    6. Da Silva, C. R. and Telenko, D. E. P. 2022. Management of Fusarium Head Blight in Organic Wheat Production. Botany and Plant Pathology Research Showcase. Nov 2022. Poster
    7. Mizuno, M. S., Da Silva, C. R., Debbink, K., Silva, E., Mueller, B., Smith, D. L, and Telenko, D. E. P. 2022. Management of tar spot in organic corn production. Plant Health 2022. 20809. Poster August 2022.
    8. Mizuno, M. S., Da Silva, C. R., Telenko, D. E. P. Integrated disease management of tar spot in organic corn production. 3rd Colleges of Ag & Eng Joint Poster Networking Gathering 2022. Poster presentation.
    9. Debbink, K, Da Silva, C. R., Mueller, B., Silva, E. M., Telenko, D. E. P., and Smith, D. L. 2023. Integrated management of Sclerotinia stem rot in organic soybean (Glycine max) systems. Plant Health 2023. Invited oral presentation August 2023.
    10. Rocca da Silva, C. and Telenko, D. 2023. Management of tar spot in organic corn in Indiana from 2021 to 2023. Botany and plant pathology research showcase 2023. Poster presentation.

Learning Outcomes

20 Farmers reported changes in knowledge, attitudes, skills and/or awareness as a result of their participation
50 Agricultural service providers reported changes in knowledge, skills, and/or attitudes as a result of their participation
Key areas taught:
  • Identification of plant diseaese
  • Agronomic management with roller crimped winter cereal rye
  • Integrated Disease Management Options

Project Outcomes

Key practices changed:
    6 New working collaborations
    Success stories:

    This project has helped initiate new future collaborations on regional/national biopesticides/OMRI product evaluation for developing efficacy table resources. Expanded interest lead to additional collaborators putting out biopesticide efficacy trials in 2023 - in Kentucky (wheat/soy/corn), Ontario, CA (soy, corn), and Iowa (corn and soy)

    Observed impact on cooperating farms were that they were extremely hesitant to test out new chemistries on their farm , but moving forward emphasis should be be on disease resistant varieties and cultural practices which there was more interested in evaluating.

    Biopesticide efficacy might be more adaptable to conventional farms that are looking for sustainable alternatives to fungicides.

    Return to Project Overview
    Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or SARE.