Final report for WPDP22-014
Project Information
Lesser precipitation, increasing population and extreme drought is already impacting the nursery and landscape industry in Utah. Current uncertainties in water availability and strict water regulations demand nursery and landscape growers to look for alternative irrigation approaches. Capturing and reusing irrigation return flow as an alternative source of irrigation is common in many parts of the United States but is very unusual in Utah. Reusing irrigation return flow can increase the sustainability of the nursery and landscape industry in two major ways 1) reduce the amount of fresh water used for irrigation and 2) lower irrigation runoff to watershed areas hence reducing non-point source (agrochemical) pollution. There are numerous resources to incorporate a water reusing approach in nurseries, which were developed as an outcome of several research projects outside Utah. Those resources can be modified, customized, and outreached to Utah's landscape and nursery industry to incorporate a water recycling approach in Utah’s nursery and landscape industry. Through this project, we trained and educated state outreach personal from Utah State University Extension, Utah Department of Natural Resources (Utah- DNR), United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) and nursery and landscape growers on incorporating a water recycling approach in the landscape and nursery industry. In turn, those trainees is expected go to their respective jurisdiction/territory to outreach their knowledge to persuade and promote water reusing approach in the nursery and landscape industry. It is highly likely that in near future, Utah will have harsher water regulations. Therefore, this project created and archive resources on water reusing and formed a team of specialists to tackle water reusing questions and problems in Utah.
Figure 1
Detailed Objectives:
- Determine the barrier to adoption for retaining and recycling water in nursery and landscape industry.
- Educate extension personal, water professionals and lead growers on the importance of implementing water reusing systems in the nursery and landscape industry.
- Educate and train professionals in the nursery and landscape industry on implement successful water reusing systems.
- Empower agricultural and water professionals to disseminate information in communities across Utah.
- Establish a team of experts to tackle water recycling questions.
We accomplished our objectives by conducing the following actions:
- Determining the barrier to adoption for retaining and reusing water in nursery and landscape industry through in-person and virtual meetings with landscape and nursery professionals, growers, county extension personals and home gardeners.
- Conducting participatory workshop, field demonstration and round table discussion of water recycling systems in a real nursery environment along with producing videos and instruction materials on how to integrate runoff recycling system in a nursery.
- Conducting 10 webinars by inviting researchers and extension personals expert in their field on how to adopt water recycling and archiving complete information in a free and easily accessible Center for water efficient landscaping YouTube channel.
- Creating a GLOW (Growing Landscape plants and Ornamentals Wisely) team to address the needs of Utahns and beyond on questions and concerns related to water recycling.
Our proposed grant was for two years, with the first and second year for project implementation and the second year for project evaluation. However, due to changes in our proposal team, we needed more time to collaborate with our Southern Utah growers to construct a water reusing system.
Our investigators in Northern, Mid and Southern parts of Utah first conducted an online survey using a pre-prepared questionnaire including both subjective and objective questions to understand nursery and landscape growers’ perceptions on reusing irrigation water, consequences of uncontrolled runoff and the barriers to the adoption of water reusing for irrigation. These surveys helped us determine the level of understanding and knowledge that the stakeholders have and were used to modify or customize the program agenda to address the actual needs of stakeholders.
After the survey, we partnered with Progressive Plants at Copperton, Utah, to build a working demonstration-type nursery water reusing system. After the system was built and operating, we conducted a two-day workshop which included participants from surrounding counties. The first day was an indoor participatory discussion session about how reusing water would fit into nursery growing practice, presentations on how water sustainability can be achieved in nursery production and finally an open-ended conversation on how materials from those presentations could benefit growers. The second day was a demonstration of a pre-installed water reusing system in a nursery and an explanation of how the system functions. We also conducted a tour of the nursery. We had originally planned two additional workshops; however, due to unforeseen circumstances beyond our control, they could not be conducted.
Throughout the program cycle, we conducted webinars on the topics related to reusing water in the nursery and landscape industry by inviting experts in their respective fields.
As a product of this project, we have created a team called GLOW. The team includes personnel who will provide answers to growers on topics related to reusing irrigation water. If you have any questions about the topic and are in Utah, please email your question to shital.poudyal@usu.edu
Cooperators
Education
We had contacted multiple subject matter specialists and asked them to present at our monthly webinar. We were successfully able to conduct eight listed webinar in the proposal. Below is the information on the conducted webinars with dates and presenters
|
Title of webinars |
Webinar dates |
Presenters |
|
Introductory meeting and concept of Irrigation Return Flow |
January 19th,2023 1:00 pm to 2:00 pm |
Dr. Shital Poudyal Utah State University |
|
Viability of water recycling systems for the nursery and landscape industry |
February 16th,2023 1:30 to 2:30 pm |
Dr. Sarah White Clemson University |
|
Cost and return on investment on construction of water recycling system in the nursery |
March 14th,2023 12:30 pm to 1:30 pm |
Dr. Robin Brumfield and Dr. Raul Cabrera Rutgers University |
|
Agrochemicals in irrigation return flow and how it affects plants |
April 20th,2023 1:30 to 2:30 pm |
Dr. Shital Poudyal Utah State University |
|
Minimize risk from plant pathogens in irrigation water |
May 18th, 2023 1:30 to 2:30 pm |
Dr. Paul Fisher University of Florida |
|
Building effective irrigation return flow treatment system to remove agrochemicals |
June 15th,2023 1:30 to 2:30 pm |
Dr. Damon Abdi Louisiana State University AgCenter |
|
Increasing irrigation efficiency in greenhouse and ornamental nursery production with moisture sensors and other technology |
November 16th,2023 2:00 to 3:00pm |
Dr. Andrew Ristvey University of Maryland |
|
Marketing sustainably produced commodities for business success |
January 18th,2023 1:30 to 2:30 pm |
Dr. Melinda Knuth North Carolina State University |
In all those webinar, we invited national subject matter experts to present on the topic. Because of the time conflict with most of our participants we got on an average 25 live participants on the webinars however we did edit, professionally captioned and uploaded those webinars in the YouTube and informed our participants. We were able to speculate that the our 75 targeted participants watched the video as the video garnered at total of 75 views (live and recorded viewers) fews weeks after upload. Below are the list of YouTube video produced with their current viewerships:
(139 views)
(93 views)
(47 views)
(63 views)
(58 views)
(74 views)
(96 views)
We are working on publishing a manual on 'Reusing Irrigation Return Flow Water in Nursery Production: Opportunities and Considerations in Utah' when published it will be available at https://extension.usu.edu/cwel/
We also completed a research and research report on impact of reused water on container grown nursery plants. A case study for water reuse in nursery production SP
We also are working on a manual on how to get started with reusing irrigation return flow in nursery. The draft version is attached here Working draft for water_reuse_possibility_in_utah_manual
Demonstration site and in person workshop
We partnered with Progressive Plants nursery to built the demonstration water recycling site in their operation space. The site was up and running in the summer of 2023 with four different nursery plants taxa. Our result indicated that there was no visual damage or growth reduction of those plants.
We also conducting a two day workshop on September 27th and 28th of 2023 where we invited participants to the workshop to discuss different aspects of water reusing in nursery production. Sixteen participants toured the demonstration site at Progressive Plants where they saw and learned about nursery production process.
We also invited Engineer Erik Jones from Utah Department of Natural Resources, Water Rights Division where he presented on Exploring the Influence of Water Rights on Runoff Water Collection and Recycling for Utah's Nursery Growers and had an extensive interaction with our audience to answer their questions.
Some setbacks
We had planned to build a demonstration site in southern Utah at Big Tree Nursery and use it for the workshop and demonstration, however, we couldn't do that. Our inability to complete the second water reuse project on time was primarily due to challenges in securing a suitable demonstration site. Initially, we reached out to several potential locations in Southern Utah, starting with Big Tree Nursery in Kanarraville, UT. After discussions with the owner about the prospects of installing a water reuse system, they ultimately decided they would not be able to move forward with the installation. We then expanded our search to Lady Bug Nursery in both Kanab and Hurricane, but they informed us that their locations were not appropriate for hosting a demonstration site. Continuing our efforts, we explored additional sites in St. George, Utah, but unfortunately, we faced similar difficulties in finding a willing collaborator. As a result, without a designated location to showcase the system, we had no choice but to halt our in-person workshop, as it depended on having a functional demonstration site for participants.
Despite these setbacks, we remained persistent in our search and were eventually able to establish a partnership with Crosby Home & Farm Center in Kanab, UT. The owner, Luke Crosby, agreed to collaborate with us, and we started working together to install the water reuse system in a highly visible area in front of the store. However we again experienced some unforeseen difficulties due to funding and had to stop the project.
Education & Outreach Initiatives
We will conduct online and one-on-one surveys among the participants of our program.
We conducted the survey and found are barriers to adoption. Below is the synopsis of our survey.
Following were the outcomes of the survey:
Lack of knowledge/training on cost and installation was the top barrier to reuse runoff water followed by the cost of installation.
71 out of 73 participants who responded to the survey had no training in water reusing.
Why do you think water retaining and recycling runoff water is important in nursery and landscape industry ?(73 respondents)
Most of the respondents perceived the scarcity of freshwater for irrigation as the main reason for retaining and reusing runoff water. The second next reason was to lower water bills.
22.5 % was the average confidence level of participants to install or provide guidance on installing water recycling system
Out of 50 growers or growers-related respondents, only 7 growers reused water and the reason for not reusing was the lack of expertise.
Almost 2/3rd of growers were willing to implement water reusing systems.
We will educate nursery, landscape, and water management professionals on the science and practical applications of reusing irrigation return flow, with emphasis on pesticide dynamics, water quality, and environmental impacts.
We conducted multiple webinars and presentation and created and archive of related information on open access platform.
We conducted eight webinars, one two day workshop, one in person presentation and a tour of and operational irrigation return flow recycling system and described the rationale for implementing water recycling systems in the nursery and landscape industry. We also conducted five presentations to audience of different background, at various extension events, to landscapers, water district and city employees, state and federal employees, nursery professionals and green industry workers. In total we provided education to 799 individuals through these five presentations. Description of presentations are as below:
1. Cornell Cooperative Extension Agricultural Forum (1/11/2024)
Presentation: Pesticide dynamics when recycling irrigation return flow
Participants: Approximately 120 in-person attendees.
Impact: Provided research-based insights on residual pesticides in recycled water, aiding nursery professionals in refining runoff management strategies for better environmental sustainability.
2. Utah Pest Control and Lawn Care Association Conference (2/12/2024)
Presentation: Common Pesticides, Their Mode of Action & Injury in Landscape Plants
Participants: 400–500 in-person attendees.
Impact: Educated industry professionals on pesticide modes of action and plant injury on plants
3. USU 2024 Spring Runoff Conference (3/27/2024)
Presentation: Need and Applicability of Reusing Irrigation Return Flow in Nursery Industry
Participants: 38 professionals from water districts, municipalities, and conservation sectors.
Impact: Increased awareness of irrigation return flow reuse, promoting water conservation and sustainable water management practices in the nursery industry.
4. USU Extension Pesticide Safety Education Program Webinar (11/06/2024)
Presentation: Factors Influencing Pesticide Fate in irrigation return flow and Strategies to Reduce Environmental Impact
Participants: 114 online attendees
Impact: 114 pesticide use credits provided. Enhanced understanding of pesticide fate in irrigation return flow and strategies to minimize impact
5. Maryland Nursery, Landscape and Greenhouse Association, Chesapeake Green Conference (12/2/2026)
Presentation: Optimizing irrigation to reduce agrochemical runoff in nursery production: 77 attendees
Impact: 44 pesticide use credits provided. Enhanced understanding of pesticide fate in irrigation return flow and strategies to minimize agrochemical runoff.
Ensure participants learn all the aspects of reusing irrigation return flow through in person and online resources and create a team to address future question related to nursery water reuse
We provided education through presentation and workshops to our stakeholders.
We also create a GLOW team to answer any question related to water reuse in nursery. The questions can be directed to shital.poudyal@usu.edu
We created a group of four core team member working as a GLOW team to answers any future question on water reuse.
Our participants, after going through the training materials will be able to provide consultations on water reuse in nursery settings