Sustainable Intensification of Sugarcane Production: Integrating Molecular, Physiological and Agronomic Practices for Enhanced Tillering and Ratooning

Commodities

• Agronomic: sugarcane

Practices

• Crop Production: plant breeding and genetics
• Education and Training: extension, on-farm/ranch research, participatory research

Sugarcane production in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in Florida faces challenges related to soil health, water quality, and nutrient management. The aim of this project is to address these issues by employing a systems approach that integrates genetic, physiological, and agronomic factors to enhance sugarcane tillering and rationing. The objectives are to: (1) identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling tillering and ratooning traits using molecular markers; (2) determine the concentration of plant growth regulators in the tiller primordia, and identify optimal planting time, harvesting time, and micro-climatic conditions effects on sugarcane performance; and (3) collaborate with sugarcane growers to disseminate findings and facilitate adoption of sustainable production practices in the EAA. This project aims to develop sustainable management practices that optimize resource use efficiency, improve soil health, and enhance water quality in the EAA. The identification of QTLs will expedite the breeding of improved cultivars adapted to the region's unique conditions, reducing the need for excessive fertilizer applications, and minimizing nutrient runoff. Optimum agronomic practices will minimize soil disturbance, reduce air pollution from field operations, and promote soil carbon sequestration. The project's findings will be disseminated to sugarcane growers in the EAA, empowering them to adopt sustainable practices that enhance productivity, profitability, and environmental stewardship. By promoting a systems approach to sugarcane production, this project contributes to the long-term sustainability and resilience of the industry while improving the quality of life for farmers and surrounding communities. These practices aim to uplift farm income, farmer health, and regional stability substantially.

The objectives for the study are as follows:

1. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling tillering and ratooning traits in sugarcane using molecular markers. This knowledge will enable the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies, accelerating the release of improved sugarcane cultivars adapted to Florida's unique growing conditions. Consequently, sugarcane breeders can efficiently select and develop cultivars with enhanced tillering and ratooning abilities, benefiting sugarcane growers and the industry.
2. To determine the concentration of plant growth regulators (hormones) in tiller primordia of sugarcane mapping populations. Understanding the endogenous hormonal regulation of tiller development will inform the development of targeted hormone application strategies. By manipulating tillering through exogenous application of plant growth regulators at optimal concentrations and timings, sugarcane growers can potentially accelerate tiller growth and improve crop performance, leading to increased productivity and sustainability. Identifying the optimal planting time, harvesting time, and micro-climatic conditions on sugarcane tillering and ratooning ability along with the optimal micro-climatic conditions, will enable sugarcane growers to align their cultivation practices with the most favorable environmental conditions. This alignment will maximize tillering and ratooning potential, improve yields, and enhance the overall sustainability and profitability of sugarcane production in Florida.
3. To provide evidence-based recommendations for sustainable sugarcane production practices to growers, industry stakeholders, and early-career researchers through comprehensive extension and outreach activities. Disseminating the project's findings and innovative strategies will empower sugarcane growers to adopt sustainable practices that optimize resource use efficiency, improve soil health, and minimize environmental impacts. By promoting the long-term viability and resilience of Florida's sugarcane industry, this project contributes to the economic and environmental sustainability of the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) region.