1996 Annual Report for FNC96-136
Multiple-site Evaluation of Cover Crops Established in Wheat Stubble
Summary
"Wheat stubble managment is a common problem with farmers using reduced- or no-till corn following wheat. Currently, there is little data in our soil type and climate that demonstrates the sustainable practice of using cover crops in wheat stubble. Data generated with this grant will show farmers an alternative cropping system that reduces soil erosion, improves soil biology and reduces purchased inputs."
Objectives: To esablish at least three on-farm research experiments to evaluate cover crops planted into wheat stubble for their ability to create an improved soil environment for the following corn crop. Each of three cooperting farmers willl establish experimental plots. After wheat harvest (late July or early August), hairy vetch, crimson clover, bin-run soybeans and a check strip with no teatment will be planted two implement passes wide and the length of the fields.
The research design will result in a total of six randomized, replicated entries for each cover crop seed and the untreated check. Biomass and nitrate level measurements, weed counts and economic analysis will be completed. Erodability and infiltration will be evaluated. Data will include pre-sidedress nitrate tests, crop yields, post-harvest soil testings and stalk testings.
Results: This is a continuing study by the project coordinator and two cooperating producers. All plots proudced adequate top growth to control erosion throughout the winter. A cold spring and early corn planting limited cover crop growth. Soil nitrate tests in June revealed very little ntirogen contribution from cover crops. The cover crops needed to supply 115 pounds of nitrogen to cover seeding costs, and they only contributed 30 pounds. However, soil erosion control, weed supression and improvement in organic matter were not quantified.