Pigs as Partners: Exploring Livestock-Driven Pasture Restoration and Silvopasture Transition at Three Square Farm

Commodities

Practices

• Animal Production: pasture renovation

This project investigates the use of pigs as a tool for pasture restoration on Three Square Farm in Weathersfield, VT. With many farms in the region undergoing ownership transfer, new farmers are often tasked with reclaiming underutilized pastures that have reverted toward early successional forest species. The objective of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of rotational pig grazing on improving vegetation structure, soil health, and overall ecosystem resilience.

Key components of the project include systematic soil and vegetation monitoring over a six-month period. We will conduct quadrat sampling, soil tests, and aerial drone imagery to document changes in vegetation cover, species composition, soil compaction, and soil health both before and after grazing. By comparing two paddocks grazed at different intensities (25% and 50% impact), we aim to identify grazing practices that maximize pasture recovery rates. Data analysis will involve ANOVA and ANOSIM tests in collaboration with Dartmouth College to assess plant community changes and soil quality variations across grazing intensities.

Our outreach strategy centers on a field day, allowing other farmers to observe the project site, rotational grazing setup, and monitoring methods firsthand.  This project aims to inform best practices for farmers, offering practical and accessible strategies for using livestock to sustainably manage and restore diverse landscapes.

Objectives

1. Evaluate Vegetation and Soil Changes Due to Pig Grazing
   To measure the impact of pig grazing on vegetation structure, species composition, and soil health in previously underutilized pastures. Specifically, we will:
   • Quantify changes in vegetation cover, species diversity, and bare ground within paddocks over a six-month grazing period through monthly quadrat sampling and drone imagery.
   • Assess soil compaction, organic matter, and macronutrient levels before and after grazing in each paddock using standardized soil tests.
2. Compare Vegetative Recovery Rates at Varying Grazing Intensities
   To compare the rates of vegetation regrowth and ecosystem recovery under different grazing intensities. We will:
   • Use two paddocks with similar initial vegetation: one grazed to a 25% impact level and the other to 50%.
   • Document differences in vegetation recovery visually (via aerial images) and quantitatively (via species composition and coverage data) to inform best practices for pasture restoration.
3. Analyze the Effects of Rotational Grazing on Soil Quality and Biodiversity
   To evaluate whether rotational pig grazing can enhance soil quality and biodiversity over time. Specifically, we will:
   • Use ANOVA to analyze changes in soil organic matter, bulk density, and nutrient levels across low and high-traffic zones within paddocks.
   • Conduct ANOSIM tests to assess differences in plant community composition between areas with different grazing intensities.
4. Identify Best Management Practices for New Farmers in Pasture Restoration Using Pigs
   To develop actionable guidelines for integrating pigs into pasture renovation, balancing productivity and conservation. We aim to:
   • Share preliminary results through a field day, where attendees can observe paddock rotations, sacrifice area management, and soil monitoring methods.
   • Create accessible resources, including handouts, online updates, and an article summarizing results, so other farmers can consider similar strategies.