Final report for ENE20-165
Project Information
Problem Addressed and Solution Pursued
Due to increasing energy costs, and decreasing cost of solar technology, many Maryland farms are considering solar electric installations to power their operations. Maryland’s ambitious energy policy also includes the state’s Renewable Portfolio Standard requiring 50% of the state’s electricity to be generated from renewable energy sources by 2030 (including 14.5% from solar energy), as well as, the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act which calls for a 25% reduction in GHG emissions by 2020. However, only 7.25% of farms in Maryland currently have solar panels installed with many agricultural communities lacking the knowledge, technical expertise and experience necessary to facilitate this demand. This educational project supported a documented need for clean energy workshops and demonstrations by providing the knowledge and skills needed for on-farm solar photovoltaics (PV).
Educational Approach and Products Developed
Online training was conducted through a webinar series in 2020 targeting agricultural service providers and farmers in Maryland. This online format was implemented due to Covid-related restrictions limiting in-person programming. The 9-part webinar series and curriculum addressed the basic principles of solar PV technology and the application of appropriate on-farm technology. Presentations were developed in a slideshow format and recorded in a video format - made available on the Maryland Energy Extension website (extension.umd.edu/energy). With in-person programming further delayed throughout 2021 due to COVID-related concerns, a video training series was initiated in May 2021. As of December 2023, twenty (20) training videos had been produced to equip farmers with the knowledge, attitude, skills, and awareness needed to implement on-farm solar. This video training series supports and supplements the previous train-the-trainer webinar series (fall 2020), as well as in-person education and training workshops conducted regionally (throughout 2022); alleviating the challenges involved with safe facilitation of in-person programming. Additional education and hands-on training was provided to ag service providers and farmers through ten (10) regional workshops held throughout 2022. While each in-person training workshop was tailored to regional interests, each addressed basic electrical principles; PV components; and system design.
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge gains for each online train-the-trainer workshop (Fall 2020) were reported as follows: Maryland’s solar market (+22.58%); PV basics (+20.83%); planning and design (+34.69%); regulations and zoning (+31.03%); installation and maintenance (+68.18%); financial options (+61.54%-increase); community solar (+40.00%); utility-scale leasing (+75.00%); and battery storage (+42.86%). Knowledge gains for regional workshops were also reported by 71 (69%) participants (throughout 2022) with a 36% increase in mean knowledge levels. Knowledge gains for a train-the-trainer webinar were reported by 74 (64%) participants with a 44% increase in mean knowledge levels.
Actions and Verified Changes
Survey responses from educational programs also indicated that 6 participants had already informed 93 individuals on solar technology, 6 participants had purchased, funded, or signed a contract to install 144 kW; 23 participants had assessed, discussed, or contacted a solar installer for 30,029 kW; and 22 participants had educated, explored options, or sought additional information on 25 kW of solar. Survey responses from educational programs further indicated that that participants planned to inform another 8,013 individuals through upcoming education and/or consulting, 31 participants were planning to fund, purchase, or sign a contract to install another 35 kW of solar; 29 participants were planning to assess, discuss, or contact a solar installer to implement 2,300 kW of solar; and 23 participants were planning to educate, explore options, or seek additional information. Additional consultations conducted by phone, email, in-person, or through social media channels has indicated an additional 1,268 kW of installed solar, with another 280 kW of solar expected to be installed in the near future. Total installed capacity over the project period was 1,412 kW.
Forty (40) Extension educators and other agricultural service providers who gain skills and knowledge in the application of on-farm solar photovoltaics (PV) will provide 8 regional educational and training programs in Maryland (50% implementation rate) to 120 farmer beneficiaries with the support of the University of Maryland Extension network. A total of 40 farmers will make changes (33% adoption rate) to their operation to implement 500 kW of on-farm solar PV in Maryland.
Problem / Opportunity
Due to increasing energy costs, and decreasing cost of solar technology, many farms in Maryland are considering solar electric installations to power their operations. However, only 7.25% of farms in Maryland currently have solar panels installed with many agricultural communities lacking the knowledge, technical expertise and experience necessary to facilitate this demand for on-farm solar. A needs assessment conducted in 2018 identified the educational needs of Maryland Extension Educators and Specialists related to energy conservation and clean energy technology with results indicating educational priorities related to solar PV (15%) and agricultural solar development (10%). Farmers were reported as the most significant group currently seeking energy-related information (27%). Farm-based education related to energy decisions, renewable energy technology, and energy efficiency (46%) were also reported as priorities to enhance Extension efforts in Maryland; with a preference given to in-service training opportunities (43%). The educational project provided skill acquisition and knowledge gain related to on-farm solar PV, which supported this documented need for clean energy workshops (14%) and demonstrations (20%).
Solution / Approach
Online training was conducted through a webinar series in 2020 targeting agricultural service providers and farmers in Maryland. The 9-part webinar series and curriculum addressed the basic principles of solar PV technology and the application of appropriate on-farm technology. Presentations were developed in a slideshow format and recorded in a video format - made available on the Maryland Energy Extension website (extension.umd.edu/energy). With in-person programming further delayed throughout 2021 due to COVID-related concerns, a video training series was initiated in May 2021. As of December 2023, twenty (20) training videos had been produced to equip farmers with the knowledge, attitude, skills, and awareness needed to implement on-farm solar. Additional education and hands-on training was provided to ag service providers and farmers through ten (10) regional workshops held throughout 2022. While each in-person training workshop was tailored to regional interests, each addressed basic electrical principles; PV components; and system design.
Cooperators
- (Educator)
Educational Approach
Online training was conducted between September 2020 and December 2020 through a webinar series targeting agricultural service providers and farmers in Maryland. This online format was implemented due to Covid-related restrictions limiting in-person programming in 2020. The 9-part webinar series was conducted in accordance with a proposed educational curriculum addressing the basic principles of solar PV technology and the application of appropriate on-farm technology. This online webinar series addressed: 1) Maryland's solar market (energy fundamentals, solar industry, on-farm applications); 2) solar PV basics (electricity and circuits, cells and modules, components and system types); 3) planning and design (energy auditing; site assessment, system sizing); 4) regulations and zoning (permitting, zoning, ordinances); 5) installation and maintenance (energy efficiency, self-installation, contractor selection); 6) financial options (production and costs, incentives, financial models); 7) shared solar (community solar, solar co-ops); 8) utility-scale leasing (legal considerations, community issues, environmental concerns); and 9) battery storage (energy basics, battery technology, system design). Presentations for each session were developed in a slideshow format and recorded in a video format. Slide decks and video recordings were made available on the Maryland Energy Extension website (extension.umd.edu/energy). Participants provided feedback within 24 hours of each online train-the-trainer workshop regarding their pre- and post-workshop knowledge levels, as well as, any plans they have to further implement the educational materials and training with farmer beneficiaries.
With in-person programming further delayed throughout 2021 due to COVID-related concerns and restrictions, a video training series was initiated in May 2021. As of December 2023, twenty (20) training videos have been produced to equip farmers with the knowledge, attitude, skills, and awareness needed to implement on-farm solar. This online training series includes: 1) How to Use a Multimeter with Solar Modules (11:27); 2) How to Test and Replace Diodes in Solar Modules (10:49); 3) How to Assess Power and Shading on Solar Modules (10:46); 4) How to Perform a Load Assessment for a Solar Electric System (14:06); 5) How to Perform a Site Assessment and Shading Analysis for Solar (14:16); 6) How to Estimate the Size of Your Solar Electric System (14:53); 7) How to Size Wires and Fuses for a Solar Electric System (13:01); 8) How to Wire a Solar Junction Box and Assemble PV Cable (10:19); 9) How to Wire a Solar Combiner Box or Pass-Through Box (13:57); 10) How and why to wire solar panels in series (13:05); 11) How and why to wire solar panels in parallel (13:17); 12) How to wire different sizes of solar panels together (12:04); 13) How to design and size a solar battery system (15:42); 14) How to select and size a solar charge controller (14:12); 15) How to wire a solar charge controller and battery bank (10:53); 16) How to size and select a solar inverter (15:50); 17) How to select and install a solar disconnect switch (12:01); 18) How to wire an off grid and grid-tied solar inverter (14:52); 19) How to ensure safe and effective solar grounding (15:56); and 20) How to design and configure code-compliant solar grounding (21:19). This ongoing video training series supports and supplements the previous train-the-trainer webinar series (fall 2020), as well as in-person education and training workshops conducted regionally (throughout 2022); alleviating the challenges involved with safe facilitation of in-person programming.
Additional education and hands-on training was provided to ag service providers and farmers with regional workshops held throughout 2022. A total of ten (10) regional workshops were held throughout 2022, including: Accident (March 23, 2022); Keedysville (March 30, 2022); Bel Alton (April 6, 2022); Salisbury (April 13, 2022); Cumberland (April 28, 2022); Benedict (September 12, 2022); Prince Frederick (September 13, 2022); Annapolis (October 5, 2022); Cockeysville (October 5, 2022); and Leonardtown (December 7, 2022). While each in-person training workshop was tailored to regional demands and interests, each workshop addressed the basic principles of electricity (AC and DC power, electrical safety, multimeter use, circuitry and wiring); PV components (cells and modules, Balance of Systems, spec sheets); and system design (energy auditing, site assessment, system sizing). These training workshops were conducted in accordance with a proposed educational curriculum addressing the basic principles of solar PV technology and the application of appropriate on-farm technology. Instructional resources corresponding to this educational curriculum were utilized in the workshops. PV systems (e.g., pump/motor, light, fencing) were demonstrated in person, or through supplemental virtual training. Workshop participants were provided with online resources (presentation slide decks, webinar series video, video trainings) and other educational materials (factsheets). All additional educational materials were made available on the Maryland Energy Extension website (extension.umd.edu/energy). Workshop participants provided feedback within 24 hours of each workshop regarding their pre- and post-workshop knowledge levels, as well as, any plans they have to further implement the educational materials and training with farmer beneficiaries, or to implement on-farm solar PV. Additional feedback is being gathered from participants after 6 and 12 months, in order to determine long term implementation metrics.
Milestones
Four (4) agricultural service providers will attend an advisory panel meeting (in-person, by WebEx, or phone conference), along with other stakeholders serving on the advisory panel, to discuss initial project development and the desired program outcomes.
4
4
6
July 15, 2020
Completed
June 24, 2020
- Advisory panel discussed project overview (KASA goals, workshops content, schedule); budget (equipment, demonstrations); and regional priorities (local priorities, equipment needs; tentative timeline and sites; potential scholarship opportunities; online delivery format options).
- Advisory panel discussed watering & remote applications of solar PV including PV well pumps capable of high flowrates (gpm). Various applications were discussed with respect to current agricultural operations and education centers throughout Maryland. Educational opportunities were identified including those producers with no capability to run electrical wires.
- Advisory panel discussed financial options for solar PV and various factors impacting the cost effectiveness of on-farm PV systems. A need for information on government programs, cost shares and incentives associated with solar PV applications was identified. While leasing and zoning issues are more of a priority with larger farms, the advisory panel expressed an interest in understanding lease options; particularly in regards to what landowners should be watching for.
- Advisory panel discussed regulatory and zoning factors associated with solar PV. While zoning approval is required for most permanent installations, including solar well pumps, temporary applications such as livestock or wildlife fencing may not require zoning approval for ag use in all counties. Clarification is needed on requirements for perimeter fencing or planting on small-scale projects. Property rights of PV leases also becomes an issue on larger projects in Maryland due to ag preservation restrictions which will likely be one of the greatest challenges. While there is some significant opposition to utility scale systems from farmers and the farm bureau in some counties, those solar systems directly supporting farm production are generally viewed favorably.
- Advisory panel discussed production & land use issues including plans to investigate leasing issues and the economic impact of taking land out of production to support solar development. The implementation of available roof space should be distinguished from ground-mounted systems which could displace field crops. Rising grain costs should be considered with economic assessment, as well as any additional costs to accommodate mixed solar and livestock production. The growing interest is pollinator sites are discussed, but there concern was expressed over the level of effort that would be required to maintain an effective pollinator site.
- Advisory panel discussed wildlife exclusion using solar PV fencing, particularly around soybean fields which are experiencing tremendous deer pressure. The costs and lifespan of exclusion fencing is not fully understood as it relates to the low net returns on some ag commodities, while solar PV fencing would be more practical for vegetable, fruit, nursery or ornamental operations. Interest in various fencing options (2-strands, 3-strands, triangle shape) was also expressed. Consideration was given to private and publicly-owned demo fields to evaluate solar PV fencing.
- Advisory panel discussed the delivery format of educational programming with a consensus to split the workshops into shorter sessions in order to simplify the logistics of facilitating a full-day program; distribute the sessions over the calendar to permit additional participants; and accommodate pandemic-related restrictions. The transition to more electronic delivery formats (i.e., webinar, pre-recorded video, hybrid) was also emphasized in terms of improving program participation by providing remote-learning options. Additional interest and participation could come from outside of Maryland. Small-scale, farmers’ market producers could also have an interest in implementing solar.
- Advisory panel discussed the development of an on-farm solar PV curriculum, as well as a tentative timeline for a train-the-trainer programming series. The proposed curriculum was provided to the advisory committee for their consideration by with revisions made by July 31, 2020.
- Advisory panel discussed the development of field demonstrations in different regions of the state. Options to record field demos for electronic delivery (on-demand video and/or hybrid webinar) were discussed.
Five hundred (500) Extension educators and other agricultural service providers will receive recruitment materials and reminders to participate in a train-the-trainer workshop to learn about the options, opportunities and challenges associated with on-farm solar PV.
500
512
July 31, 2020
Completed
September 09, 2021
Distribution of recruitment materials to Extension educators and other agricultural service providers in Maryland began in late August through early September through the following formats:
- Internal Email Distribution. University of Maryland - College of Agriculture & Natural Resources (512 recipients), 20, August, 2020.
- Coughlin, Matthew. "On-farm solar PV - Webinar." UMD: Department of Environmental Science & Technology, 26 August 2020, https://enstadvising.blogspot.com/2020/08/on-farm-solar-pv-webinar.html. Accessed 7 January 2021.
- Facebook/Twitter Pages: UMD Institute of Applied Agriculture (August 20, 2020); Woodland Stewardship Education (September 9, 2020); Maryland Energy Extension (August 17, 2020); Maryland-Delaware Master Logger Program (August 20, 2020)
- Kness, Andrew. "ON-FARM SOLAR TRAINING." Maryland Agronomy News, 4 September 2020, http://blog.umd.edu/agronomynews/2020/09/04/on-farm-solar-training/. Accessed 7 January 2021.
- Maryland Energy Extension website. https://extension.umd.edu/energy/ag-solar-energy. Accessed 7 January 2021.
- Ruggiero, Brenda. "On-farm solar PV training webinar series set." The Garrett County Republican, 3 September 2020, https://www.wvnews.com/garrettrepublican/community/on-farm-solar-pv-training-webinar-series-set/article_f16706e4-eca9-5e45-bea0-590933148ad4.html. Accessed 7 January 2021.
- University of Maryland Extension website. https://extension.umd.edu/events/wed-2020-09-30-1300-marylands-solar-market. Accessed 7 January 2021.
- University of Maryland College of Agriculture & Natural Resources website. https://agnr.umd.edu/events/event/6321/marylands-solar-market. Accessed 7 January 2021.
Eighty (80) agricultural service providers will participate in a train-the-trainer workshop (20 agricultural service providers per workshop) to learn about the options, opportunities and challenges associated with on-farm solar PV.
80
29
30
December 31, 2020
Completed
December 02, 2020
Online training was conducted between September 30, 2020 and December 2, 2020 through a webinar series targeting agricultural service providers and farmers in Maryland. This online format was implemented due to Covid-related restrictions limiting in-person programming in 2020. The 9-part webinar series was conducted in accordance with a proposed educational curriculum addressing the basic principles of solar PV technology and the application of appropriate on-farm technology. This online webinar series addressed: 1) Maryland’s solar market (energy fundamentals, solar industry, on-farm applications; 28 participants); 2) solar PV basics (electricity and circuits, cells and modules, components and system types; 26 participants); 3) planning and design (energy auditing; site assessment, system sizing; 24 participants); 4) regulations and zoning (permitting, zoning, ordinances; 19 participants); 5) installation and maintenance (energy efficiency, self-installation, contractor selection; 18 participants); 6) financial options (production and costs, incentives, financial models; 11 participants); 7) shared solar (community solar, solar co-ops; 14 participants); 8) utility-scale leasing (legal considerations, community issues, environmental concerns; 14 participants); and 9) battery storage (energy basics, battery technology, system design; 16 participants). Participation across all sessions was determined to be 36.6% homeowner/landowner, 28.5% farming, 12.9% Extension, 8.6% government, 5.4% ag service provider, 4.8% research, 2.2% non-profit, 0.5% finance; and 0.5% utilities or solar industry (based on self-selected choice totals). Presentations were developed in a slideshow format and each session was recorded in a video format. Slide decks and video recordings were made available on the Maryland Energy Extension website (extension.umd.edu/energy). Slide decks have been downloaded 6,181 times, and the videos have been viewed a total of 1,486 times, as of January 2, 2023.
Seventy two (72) agricultural service providers will provide feedback (90% response rate) within 24 hours of participating in a train-the-trainer workshop on their pre- and post-workshop knowledge levels, as well as, any plans they have to further implement the educational materials and training with farmer beneficiaries.
72
16
22
December 31, 2020
Completed
December 03, 2020
Participants provided feedback within 24 hours of each online train-the-trainer workshop regarding their pre- and post-workshop knowledge levels, as well as, any plans they have to further implement the educational materials and training with farmer beneficiaries. Knowledge gains were reported on the post-/pre- evaluation (5-point Likert scale) as follows: Maryland’s solar market (n=11; 22.58%-increase on mean); PV basics (n=19; 20.83%-increase on mean); planning and design (n=19; 34.69%-increase on mean); regulations and zoning (n=12; 31.03%-increase on mean); installation and maintenance (n=12; 68.18%-increase on mean); financial options (n=6; 61.54%-increase on mean); community solar options (n=6; 40.00%-increase on mean); utility-scale leasing (n=11; 75.00%-increase on mean); and battery storage (n=6; 42.86%-increase on mean). Survey responses also indicated that participants plan to seek additional information on solar PV (47%), educate others on the use of solar PV (25%), assess options to implement solar PV (23%), explore land leasing opportunities for solar PV (9%), purchase and install solar PV on their farm (9%), discuss a solar contract with an attorney/specialist (8%), contact a solar installer (7%), apply for a grant or loan for solar PV (6%), sign a contract with a solar installer (3%), or take some other action (2%) within 6 months of participating in the educational program.
Forty (40) agricultural service providers (50% implementation rate) will attend regional planning sessions (5 agricultural service providers per planning session) following their participation in train-the-trainer workshops in order to review the educational curriculum and develop plans to provide their own education and training program to farmer beneficiaries through regional workshops.
40
10
June 30, 2021
Completed
January 14, 2022
Ten (10) agricultural service providers attended regional planning sessions, through virtual and phone communication, following their participation in train-the-trainer workshops. Participants reviewed the educational curriculum and developed plans to provide further education and training initiatives to farmer beneficiaries through regional workshops. Each agricultural service provider identified the greatest educational priorities for farmers in their region related to solar electric systems. The highest priorities identified across the state were: competition with agricultural land use, various energy uses for on-farm operations, residential solar installations, wildlife exclusion fencing, and state energy policy. Each agricultural service provider reviewed the educational curriculum and adopted relevant program outlines and agendas to address regional needs. Regional program outlines and agendas were tailored to meet regional educational priorities by each agricultural service provider. Agricultural service providers coordinated six workshops for the Spring, and an additional five workshops in Fall, in order to reach farmers in their respective regions of the state.
Forty (40) agricultural service providers will provide 8 regional education and training workshops to 120 farmer beneficiaries (15 farmer beneficiaries per workshop) following their regional planning session to help farmer beneficiaries learn about various on-farm solar PV options, opportunities and challenges.
120
40
167
30
December 30, 2021
Completed
December 07, 2022
While the scheduling of in-person programs was delayed through 2021 due to COVID-related concerns and restrictions, a video training series was initiated in May 2021. Training videos were produced to support in-person training by further equipping farmers with the knowledge, attitude, skills, and awareness needed to implement on-farm solar. This ongoing video training series supports and supplements the previous train-the-trainer webinar series, as well as the regional education and training workshops that were conducted in-person throughout 2022; thereby alleviating some of the challenges that are faced with safe facilitation of in-person training. As of December 2023, this online training video series includes:
- How to Use a Multimeter with Solar Modules (11:27; 20,690 views)
- How to Test and Replace Diodes in Solar Modules (10:49; 37,037 views)
- How to Assess Power and Shading on Solar Modules (10:46; 4,593 views)
- How to Perform a Load Assessment for a Solar Electric System (14:06; 2,536 views)
- How to Perform a Site Assessment and Shading Analysis for Solar (14:16; 3,503 views)
- How to Estimate the Size of Your Solar Electric System (14:53; 4,181 views)
- How to Size Wires and Fuses for a Solar Electric System (13:01; 21,272 views)
- How to Wire a Solar Junction Box and Assemble PV Cable (10:19; 17,299 views)
- How to wire a solar combiner box or pass through box (13:56; 25,043 views)
- How and why to wire solar panels in series (13:05; 35,282 views)
- How and why to wire solar panels in parallel (13:17; 105,718 views)
- How to wire different sizes of solar panels together (12:04; 69,315 views)
- How to design and size a solar battery system (15:42; 83,795 views)
- How to select and size a solar charge controller (14:12; 98,103 views)
- How to wire a solar charge controller and battery (10:53; 67,030 views)
- How to size and select a solar inverter (15:50; 18,939 views)
- How to select and install a solar disconnect switch (12:01; 17,200 views)
- How to wire off-grid and grid-tied solar inverters (14:52; 20,688 views)
- How to ensure safe and effective solar grounding (15:55; 4,369)
- How to design and configure code-compliant solar grounding (21:18; 463 views)
Thirty (30) agricultural service providers also coordinated and facilitated regional education and training workshops following their regional planning sessions. The workshops were designed to help farmer beneficiaries learn about various on-farm solar PV options, opportunities and challenges. These workshops were facilitated throughout 2022. A total of ten (10) regional workshops were held throughout 2022, including:
- Accident, MD (March 23, 2022; 31 participants; 4 ag service providers)
- Keedysville, MD (March 30, 2022; 19 participants; 2 ag service providers)
- Bel Alton, MD (April 6, 2022; 15 participants; 4 ag service providers)
- Salisbury, MD (April 6, 2022; 12 participants; 3 ag service providers)
- Cumberland, MD (April 13, 2022; 23 participants; 4 ag service providers)
- Benedict, MD (September 12, 2022; 11 participants; 3 ag service providers)
- Prince Frederick, MD (September 13, 2022; 10 participants; 3 ag service providers)
- Annapolis, MD (October 3, 2022; 16 participants; 2 ag service providers)
- Baltimore, MD (October 5, 2022; 17 participants; 2 ag service providers)
- Leonardtown, MD (December 7, 2022; 13 participants; 3 ag service providers)
While each in-person training workshop was tailored to regional demands and interests, each workshop addressed the basic principles of electricity (AC and DC power, electrical safety, multimeter use, circuitry and wiring); PV components (cells and modules, Balance of Systems, spec sheets); and system design (energy auditing, site assessment, system sizing). These training workshops were conducted in accordance with a proposed educational curriculum addressing the basic principles of solar PV technology and the application of appropriate on-farm technology. Instructional resources corresponding to this educational curriculum were utilized in the workshops. PV systems (e.g., pump/motor, light, fencing) were demonstrated in person, or through supplemental virtual training. Workshop participants were provided with online resources (presentation slide decks, webinar series video, video trainings) and other educational materials (factsheets). All additional educational materials were made available on the Maryland Energy Extension website (extension.umd.edu/energy).
Forty (40) agricultural service providers will issue pre- and post-workshop evaluations for their farmer beneficiaries within 24 hours of their respective education and training workshop to determine the knowledge gained by the farmer beneficiaries, as well as any plans made by the farmer beneficiaries to explore and/or implement on-farm solar PV. The agricultural service providers will report this data back to the PI by a survey or electronic form they receive from the PI.
120
40
125
30
December 31, 2021
Completed
December 07, 2022
Workshop participants provided feedback within 24 hours of each workshop regarding their pre- and post-workshop knowledge levels, as well as, any plans they have to further implement the educational materials and training with farmer beneficiaries, or to implement on-farm solar PV. Knowledge gains were reported by 71 (69%) of the participants responding to the post-/pre- evaluation (5-point Likert scale) with a 36% increase in mean knowledge levels. Survey responses also indicated that participants plan to seek additional information on solar PV (29%), assess options to install solar (28%); apply for a grant or loan (10%); contact a solar installer (10%); purchase or install solar (9%); educate others on solar energy (5%); or take some other action (9%) within 12 months of participating in the educational workshop.
The preliminary data, reported on these pre- and post-workshop surveys, indicated that 47 participants planned to install solar, sign a contract for solar, or apply for funding to support 466kW of solar within the next 12 months. Another 87 participants planned to assess solar options, discuss a solar contract, or contact a solar installer to support an additional 486 kW of solar within the next 12 months. Finally, another 80 participants planned to seek additional info, explore land leasing opportunities, or educate others on solar energy to support an additional 219kW of solar within the next 12 months.
Two (2) agricultural service providers will make presentations (i.e., online webinar) to discuss their experience and progress to date in providing education and training to farmer beneficiaries dealing with solar PV. Forty (40) additional agricultural service providers will view or participate in this presentation to learn how to initiate or improve their own educational programs associated with on-farm solar PV.
42
32
September 30, 2021
Completed
July 27, 2021
A total of 32 agricultural service providers participated in two (2) separate virtual presentations to learn how to initiate, or how to improve, educational programs associated with on-farm solar PV. Each virtual presentation was made to discuss the experiences and progress to date in providing education and training to farmer beneficiaries dealing with solar PV, including:
- Maryland Energy Extension Training: Solar PV Options, Opportunities and Challenges. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers: Annual National Meeting, Virtual (July 13, 2021). [10 participants].
- On-Farm Solar Energy Opportunities and Training. Northeast Agricultural and Biological Engineering Conference. Virtual (July 27, 2021). [22 participants].
Forty (40) agricultural service providers will issue a 6-month follow-up survey for their farmer beneficiaries following their respective regional education and training workshop to determine how many farmer beneficiaries assessed the application of solar PV for their farm and/or implemented solar PV on their farm. The agricultural service providers will report this data back to the PI by a survey or electronic form they receive from the PI.
40
5
21
June 30, 2022
Completed
December 21, 2023
Participants of the online train-the-trainer series (Fall 2020) also provided feedback on an electronic survey that was emailed 6 months after participating in an online train-the-trainer workshop. Survey responses for this 6-month follow-up aimed to identify any longer-term actions, and/or plans, to implement learning outcomes and/or educational materials and training with farmer beneficiaries. Feedback indicated that participants had already informed 21 farmers on solar technology, while planning to inform an additional 32 farmers through upcoming education and/or consulting. Participant feedback of this 6 month survey also identified 100 W of solar installed, with an additional 30,000 kW planned to be installed in the immediate future.
Participants of in-person training workshops (throughout 2022) also provided feedback on electronic surveys emailed 6 months after participating in a regional training workshop. Feedback indicated that six (6) participants already informed ten (10) individuals and planned to inform another 8,003 individuals through upcoming education and/or consulting. Survey responses also indicated that five (5) participants already purchased, funded, or signed a contract to install 130 kW of solar. Eleven (11) additional participants indicated they had already assessed, discussed, or contacted a solar installer for another 14 kW. Finally, nine (9) additional participants indicated they had educated, explored options, or sought additional information on solar. Survey responses further indicated that twelve (12) participants were planning to fund, purchase, or sign a contract to install another 10 kW of solar. Seventeen (17) additional participants indicated that they were planning to assess, discuss, or contact a solar installer to implement 1,000 kW of solar. Finally, ten (10) additional participants indicated their intentions to educate, explore options, or seek additional information.
Participants of a train-the-trainer webinar (August 2022) also provided feedback on electronic surveys emailed 6 months after participating in a regional training workshop. Feedback indicated that five (5) participants already informed 58 individuals and planned to inform another five (5) individuals through upcoming education and/or consulting. Survey responses also indicated that six (6) participants indicated they had already assessed, discussed, or contacted a solar installer for 30,000 kW. Six (6) additional participants indicated they had educated, explored options, or sought additional information on solar. Survey responses further indicated that 14 participants were planning to fund, purchase, or sign a contract to install another 25 kW of solar. Eight (8) additional participants indicated that they were planning to assess, discuss, or contact a solar installer to implement 1,300 kW of solar. Finally, nine (9) additional participants indicated their intentions to educate, explore options, or seek additional information.
Four (4) agricultural service providers will make presentations (i.e., online webinar) to discuss their experience in providing education and training to farmer beneficiaries dealing with solar PV. Forty (40) additional agricultural service providers will view or participate in this presentation to learn how to initiate or improve their own educational programs associated with on-farm solar PV.
44
247
June 30, 2022
Completed
August 16, 2023
A total of 247 agricultural service providers participated in several presentations to learn how to initiate, or how to improve, educational programs associated with on-farm solar PV. Each presentation was made to discuss the experiences and progress to date in providing education and training to farmer beneficiaries dealing with solar PV, including:
- Solar Energy Education and Training. Association of Natural Resource Extension Professionals. Kalamazoo, MI (June 3, 2022). [72 participants].
- On-Farm Solar Energy Opportunities and Training. National Extension Energy Summit & National Sustainability Summit. State University, PA (May 16, 2022). [25 participants].
- On-Farm Solar Energy Opportunities and Training. Northeast Agricultural and Biological Engineering Conference. Edgewood, MD (August 1, 2022). [35 participants].
- Solar on the Farm Webinar. University of Maryland Extension. Virtual (August 16, 2022). [115 participants].
Post- and pre-workshop survey questions were also administered during a train-the-trainer webinar (August 2022) to assess pre- and post-workshop knowledge levels, as well as, any plans they have to further implement the educational materials and training with farmer beneficiaries, or to implement on-farm solar PV. A proprietary polling tool was implemented within the Zoom webinar software. Knowledge levels were self-assessed by each participant based on a standard question format, "How much did/do you know about solar before/after participating in this webinar?" Single choice options were provided based on a 5-point Likert-scale (1=Novice: know nothing; 2=Low: knew very little; 3=Middle: knew somewhat ;4= High: knew a lot; 5=Expert: knew almost everything). Knowledge gains were reported by 74 (64%) of the participants responding to the post-/pre- evaluation (5-point Likert scale) with a 44% increase in mean knowledge levels. Survey responses also indicated that participants plan to seek additional information on solar PV (33%), contact a solar installer (20%); help or educate others (20%); purchase or install solar (7%); apply for funding (6%); or take some other action (14%) within 6 to 12 months of participating in the educational workshop.
Forty (40) agricultural service providers will provide information on a 12-month follow-up questionnaire to determine how many farmer beneficiaries received educational services and training through this project. Data will be collected on how many farmer beneficiaries have planned to implement, or have already implemented, on-farm solar PV in addition to the number of kilowatts (kW) for these applications. The agricultural service providers will report this data back to the PI by a survey or electronic form they receive from the PI.
40
16
December 31, 2022
Completed
December 21, 2023
Participants of in-person training workshops (throughout 2022) also provided feedback on electronic surveys emailed 12 months after participating in a regional training workshop. Feedback indicated that two (2) participants already informed five (5) individuals and planned to inform another five (5) individuals through upcoming education and/or consulting. Survey responses also indicated that one (1) participant already purchased, funded, or signed a contract to install 14 kW of solar. Six (6) additional participants indicated they had already assessed, discussed, or contacted a solar installer for another 15 kW. Finally, five (5) additional participants indicated they had educated, explored options, or sought additional information on solar. Survey responses further indicated that five (5) participants were planning to fund, purchase, or sign a contract to install solar. Four (4) additional participants indicated that they were planning to assess, discuss, or contact a solar installer. Finally, two (2) additional participants indicated their intentions to educate, explore options, or seek additional information.
Participants of a train-the-trainer webinar (August 2022) also provided feedback on electronic surveys emailed 12 months after participating in a regional training workshop. Feedback indicated that one (1) participant already informed five (20) individuals through education and/or consulting. Survey responses also indicated that two (2) had educated, explored options, or sought additional information on 25 kW of solar, with another two (2) participants indicating that they were planning to educate, explore options, or seek additional information.
Additional consultations conducted by phone, email, in-person, or through social media channels has indicated an additional 14,854 kW of installed solar, with another 39,400 kW of solar expected to be installed in the near future.
Four (4) agricultural service providers will attend an advisory panel meeting (in-person, by WebEx, or phone conference), along with other stakeholders serving on the advisory panel, to discuss the program outcomes and the potential for any continued programs based on the curriculum.
4
4
2
9
December 31, 2022
Completed
October 25, 2023
The advisory panel discussed project outcomes and impacts (KASA, educational products, solar capacity installed) and effective delivery format (hybrid, video, hands-on). The transition to more electronic delivery formats (i.e., webinar, pre-recorded video, hybrid) was emphasized in terms of improving program participation by providing remote-learning options. Additional interest and participation came from outside of Maryland. The advisory panel also discussed plans for continued educational outreach, consultations, and research, including additional grant funding.
Milestone Activities and Participation Summary
Educational activities and events conducted by the project team:
Participants in the project’s educational activities:
Learning Outcomes
Post- and pre-workshop survey questions were administered with each online webinar (Fall 2020) to assess content-specific knowledge gained by participants. A proprietary polling tool was implemented within the Zoom webinar software. Knowledge levels were self-assessed by each participant based on a standard question format, "How much did/do you know about...before/after participating in this webinar?" Single choice options were provided based on a 5-point Likert-scale (1=None: didn't know anything...; 2=Little: knew very little...; 3=Moderate: knew somewhat... ;4= High: knew a lot...; 5=Very High: knew almost everything...). The following learning outcomes were reported on the post-/pre- evaluation: Maryland’s solar market (n=11; 22.58%-increase on mean); PV basics (n=19; 20.83%-increase on mean); planning and design (n=19; 34.69%-increase on mean); regulations and zoning (n=12; 31.03%-increase on mean); installation and maintenance (n=12; 68.18%-increase on mean); financial options (n=6; 61.54%-increase on mean); community solar options (n=6; 40.00%-increase on mean); utility-scale leasing (n=11; 75.00%-increase on mean); and battery storage (n=6; 42.86%-increase on mean). Survey responses also indicated that participants plan to seek additional information on solar PV (47%), educate others on the use of solar PV (25%), assess options to implement solar PV (23%), explore land leasing opportunities for solar PV (9%), purchase and install solar PV on my farm (9%), discuss a solar contract with an attorney/specialist (8%), will contact a solar installer (7%), apply for a grant or loan for solar PV (6%), sign a contract with a solar installer (3%), or take some other action (2%) within 6 months of participating in this educational program.
Participants of the online train-the-trainer series (Fall 2020) also provided feedback on an electronic survey that was emailed 6 months after participating in an online train-the-trainer workshop. Survey responses for this 6-month follow-up aimed to identify any longer-term actions, and/or plans, to implement learning outcomes and/or educational materials and training with farmer beneficiaries. Feedback indicated that participants had already informed 21 farmers on solar technology, while planning to inform an additional 32 farmers through upcoming education and/or consulting. Participant feedback of this 6 month survey also identified 100 W of solar installed, with an additional 30,000 kW planned to be installed in the immediate future.
Post- and pre-workshop survey questions were also administered with each regional workshop (throughout 2022) to assess pre- and post-workshop knowledge levels, as well as, any plans they have to further implement the educational materials and training with farmer beneficiaries, or to implement on-farm solar PV. A printed survey was implemented during each workshop to facilitate this assessment. Knowledge levels were self-assessed by each participant based on a standard question format, "How much did/do you know about solar before/after participating in this training workshop?" Single choice options were provided based on a 5-point Likert-scale (1=Novice: know nothing; 2=Low: knew very little; 3=Middle: knew somewhat ;4= High: knew a lot; 5=Expert: knew almost everything). Knowledge gains were reported by 71 (69%) of the participants responding to the post-/pre- evaluation (5-point Likert scale) with a 36% increase in mean knowledge levels. The preliminary data, reported on these pre- and post-workshop surveys, indicated that 47 participants would install solar, sign a contract for solar, or apply for funding to support 466kW of solar within the next 12 months. Another 87 participants would assess solar options, discuss a solar contract, or contact a solar installer to support an additional 486 kW of solar within the next 12 months. Finally, another 80 participants would seek additional info, explore land leasing opportunities, or educate others on solar energy to support an additional 219kW of solar within the next 12 months.
Participants of in-person training workshops (throughout 2022) also provided feedback on electronic surveys emailed 6 months after participating in a regional training workshop. Feedback indicated that six (6) participants already informed ten (10) individuals and planned to inform another 8,003 individuals through upcoming education and/or consulting. Survey responses also indicated that five (5) participants already purchased, funded, or signed a contract to install 130 kW of solar. Eleven (11) additional participants indicated they had already assessed, discussed, or contacted a solar installer for another 14 kW. Finally, nine (9) additional participants indicated they had educated, explored options, or sought additional information on solar. Survey responses further indicated that twelve (12) participants were planning to fund, purchase, or sign a contract to install another 10 kW of solar. Seventeen (17) additional participants indicated that they were planning to assess, discuss, or contact a solar installer to implement 1,000 kW of solar. Finally, ten (10) additional participants indicated their intentions to educate, explore options, or seek additional information.
Participants of in-person training workshops (throughout 2022) also provided feedback on electronic surveys emailed 12 months after participating in a regional training workshop. Feedback indicated that two (2) participants already informed five (5) individuals and planned to inform another five (5) individuals through upcoming education and/or consulting. Survey responses also indicated that one (1) participant already purchased, funded, or signed a contract to install 14 kW of solar. Six (6) additional participants indicated they had already assessed, discussed, or contacted a solar installer for another 15 kW. Finally, five (5) additional participants indicated they had educated, explored options, or sought additional information on solar. Survey responses further indicated that five (5) participants were planning to fund, purchase, or sign a contract to install solar. Four (4) additional participants indicated that they were planning to assess, discuss, or contact a solar installer. Finally, two (2) additional participants indicated their intentions to educate, explore options, or seek additional information.
Post- and pre-workshop survey questions were also administered during a train-the-trainer webinar (August 2022) to assess pre- and post-workshop knowledge levels, as well as, any plans they have to further implement the educational materials and training with farmer beneficiaries, or to implement on-farm solar PV. A proprietary polling tool was implemented within the Zoom webinar software. Knowledge levels were self-assessed by each participant based on a standard question format, "How much did/do you know about solar before/after participating in this webinar?" Single choice options were provided based on a 5-point Likert-scale (1=Novice: know nothing; 2=Low: knew very little; 3=Middle: knew somewhat ;4= High: knew a lot; 5=Expert: knew almost everything). Knowledge gains were reported by 74 (64%) of the participants responding to the post-/pre- evaluation (5-point Likert scale) with a 44% increase in mean knowledge levels. Survey responses also indicated that participants plan to seek additional information on solar PV (33%), contact a solar installer (20%); help or educate others (20%); purchase or install solar (7%); apply for funding (6%); or take some other action (14%) within 6 to 12 months of participating in the educational workshop.
Participants of a train-the-trainer webinar (August 2022) also provided feedback on electronic surveys emailed 6 months after participating in a regional training workshop. Feedback indicated that five (5) participants already informed 58 individuals and planned to inform another five (5) individuals through upcoming education and/or consulting. Survey responses also indicated that six (6) participants indicated they had already assessed, discussed, or contacted a solar installer for 30,000 kW. Six (6) additional participants indicated they had educated, explored options, or sought additional information on solar. Survey responses further indicated that 14 participants were planning to fund, purchase, or sign a contract to install another 25 kW of solar. Eight (8) additional participants indicated that they were planning to assess, discuss, or contact a solar installer to implement 1,300 kW of solar. Finally, nine (9) additional participants indicated their intentions to educate, explore options, or seek additional information.
Participants of a train-the-trainer webinar (August 2022) also provided feedback on electronic surveys emailed 12 months after participating in a regional training workshop. Feedback indicated that one (1) participant already informed five (20) individuals through education and/or consulting. Survey responses also indicated that two (2) had educated, explored options, or sought additional information on 25 kW of solar, with another two (2) participants indicating that they were planning to educate, explore options, or seek additional information.
Additional consultations conducted by phone, email, in-person, or through social media channels has indicated an additional 1,268 kW of installed solar, with another 280 kW of solar expected to be installed in the near future.
Performance Target Outcomes
Performance Target Outcomes - Service Providers
Target #1
40
Forty (40) Extension educators and other agricultural service providers who gain skills and knowledge in the application of on-farm solar photovoltaics (PV) will provide 8 regional educational and training programs (50% implementation rate) to 120 farmer beneficiaries with the support of the University of Maryland Extension network.
120
30
167
- 23 Curricula, factsheets and other educational tools
- 225 Consultations
- 3 Webinars/talks/presentations
- 10 Workshops/field days
Agricultural service providers and farmers beneficiaries provided information on 6- and 12-month follow-up questionnaires to determine how many farmer beneficiaries received educational services and training through this project. Data was collected on how many farmer beneficiaries planned to implement, or already implemented, on-farm solar PV in addition to the number of kilowatts (kW) for these applications. Data was reported by an electronic survey. Survey responses from educational programs also indicated that 6 participants had purchased, funded, or signed a contract to install 144 kW. Additional consultations conducted by phone, email, in-person, or through social media channels has indicated an additional 1,268 kW of installed solar. Total installed capacity over the project period was 1,412 kW.
Performance Target Outcomes - Farmers
Target #1
40
Forty (40) farmer beneficiaries will make changes (33% adoption rate) to their operation to implement a total of 500 kW of on-farm solar PV in Maryland.
70
1,411.7 kW of on-farm solar photovoltaic power generation capacity installed
Agricultural service providers and farmers beneficiaries provided information on 6- and 12-month follow-up questionnaires to determine how many farmer beneficiaries received educational services and training through this project. Data was collected on how many farmer beneficiaries planned to implement, or already implemented, on-farm solar PV in addition to the number of kilowatts (kW) for these applications. Data was reported by an electronic survey. Survey responses from educational programs also indicated that 6 participants had purchased, funded, or signed a contract to install 144 kW. Additional consultations conducted by phone, email, in-person, or through social media channels has indicated an additional 1,268 kW of installed solar. Total installed capacity over the project period was 1,412 kW.
Additional Project Outcomes
EXAMPLES OF IMPACT
- "This should be the first video someone should see when setting up a solar system! Very easy to understand with the pictures provided... I bought multiple solar set ups for my farms water pumps without knowing anything about solar, and assumed there's nothing to it."
- "My family owns a farm in northern Baltimore County. It was a diverse farm for my grandparents, but after their passing, we just lease some of the land to another farmer for crops, so it's not really an 'industrial' farm. I'm just wanting to... say thanks... I think your presentations are starting to melt a thick barrier for them (my mom has been taking notes on them throughout the series !)... Thanks for all the great info in the presentation."
- "Want to thank you from the bottom of my heart for your video's... I need to get off the grid, and watching your video's is helping."
- By far the best breakdown on how to calculate power needs... I’m working on an OTG cabin and wish I could have seen this video last year. Thank you for producing... Great work!"
- "Thank you… for inadvertently aiding in my recent career change into solar… you were a catalyst for positive growth."
- I was happy to attend the workshop... much valuable info was obtained and I am sure this new farmer could benefit from such info."
- "I attended your solar Workshop in Annapolis last October. I really enjoyed it and learned a lot. I hope to do a solar array soon on our barn."
- "Thanks so much. It was a very good presentation, and I intend to continue participating in all future sessions that I am available... The Wicomico Environmental Trust (I am on the board) is trying to learn as much as possible about the issues."
- "This explanation is very clear and simple, and may show me how to address a problem I’m working on now to upgrade my current installation."
EXAMPLES OF FEEDBACK ON EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTS
- "A very well explained and thorough video, far better than most others out there. Thanks for this and others you have presented."
- "Great information and very well done. Looking forward to seeing the final two."
- I have learned a lot from your videos. Your experience will help us further improve our project.
- "I really appreciated this presentation... Definitely added to my understanding of solar… Thank you... for arranging this informative session."
- Thanks for setting up the briefing..., your presentation was very informative. Looking forward to engaging with you as we design our system."
- "Very strong organization of material... provid[ing] thorough and practical information at an appropriate level... Very good examples used"
- "A lot of good information; I need some time to sort through it and look forward to the next sessions."
- "A lot of quality information in a relatively short amount of time."
- "Easy to understand for those of us, just starting to learn about solar energy!"
- "The instructor began the program on a very basic level. This first presentation was very rewarding."
- "I thought it was a good overview and introduction to the series of webinars on solar."
- "[The] series on Solar has been extremely informative with graphics, explanations and responses to questions."
- "Very informative. Look forward to future programs!"
- "These are great videos and helped me better understand a solar system. Well Done!"
- I found the presentation very interesting - on so many levels. I forwarded... all good stuff you, and the webinar... i found it very comprehensive"
- "Your on-line programs are very informative!"
- "You presented a wonderful overview of solar energy last evening."
- "Your presentation was very informative. Looking forward to engaging with you as we design our system."
- I appreciated the workshop… tonight's program helped me think through the process."
- I continue to learn from your video presentations. My presentation on the last project (15kw) went well"
- "Thanks for your comprehensive video. I found the info I was looking for"
- "Your are excellent at explaining the individual critical components of the entire Solar System. Well Done. Please keep making more videos."
- "One of the best videos that explains the difference between MPPT and PWM. This helped me a lot to understand."
- "This is one of the best YouTube explanations I have come across that I can understand... Thank You."
- "Excellent. Content that isn't other available on YouTube!"
- "Thanks for the video. Easy to follow. All complexities broken to simpler, digestible chunks."
- "Excellent video. Clear explanation about solar wiring... of different solar panels"
- "This is so much information and I have learned a lot from this video."
- "By miles the most comprehensive and still not too long to watch video!"
- "I think your series of videos are excellent and hopefully I put them to proper use when designing this system."
- "Awesome video. Very Informative. Thanks!"
- "The 2 videos I have watched so far are easily the best presented, in both easy-to-understand language, as well as explanation."
- "The best videos I have seen on solar Thank u u are the best Make things simpler."
- "Wonderful video. Clearly explains a concept assuming the viewer knows nothing, which is great for people like me who indeed know nothing!"
- "Thank you you made it very easy to understand solar"
- "Very well explained and informative video."
- "This video has viral potential... Should be mandatory in all high schools and electrical courses."
- "This complex topic was explained in a concise and user friendly way easy for the listener to understand"
- "Your videos are excellent! I am an installer in ireland & I have watched lots of videos but none as good as yours!"
- "This video really impressed me. Densely packed with practical information in a good time order and delivered in a clear way."
- "By far the best video I have seen on the topic. Precise and to the point."
- "Good easy to understand info."
An online format was implemented for train-the-trainer workshops in 2020 due to Covid-related restrictions limiting in-person programming. With in-person programming further delayed throughout 2021 due to COVID-related concerns, a video training series was initiated in May 2021. As of December 2023, twenty (20) training videos had been produced to support and supplement the train-the-trainer webinar series (fall 2020) and in-person workshops (2022); alleviating the challenges involved with safe facilitation of in-person programming. These hybrid video formats allowed for a much wider audience than originally planned - with over 660,000 views.