Developing a Production and Distribution Mechanism for Feed Trained Perch Fingerlings for Use in Aquaculture Grow-out Facilities

We were very successful in identifying what makes the feed training in the pond so successful.  We can add to that knowledge for more success next year.

Blue Iris Fish Farm ordered fry feeds in February 2019. Fry feeds included fry powder plus several other ingredients which are blended with the fry powder. Together, this blend covers the gamut of ingredients required as first feeds for perch and includes feed of high protein and fat, vitamins, assorted minerals supplemented by blends of egg yolk, plankton, krill, and spirillum. It is important to note that our particular style of feed training yellow perch fry considers that this blended feed is initially considered only a partial diet for the fry with much of the feed considered to be natural pond generated plankton. The second item of note is that yellow perch have a very small gape and most first feeds are too large to be ingested. Hence the reliance on natural pond culture and fry powder supplements. Feed supplements were blended weekly by Blue Iris. Supplements were distributed weekly to the participants of the project or as often as requested. There was no intent to make up large batches for distribution because it is better to make up smaller batches to insure freshness. In addition, because the diet changes weekly, the recipe had to be changed weekly to consider the growth of the perch and their ability to ingest larger sized feeds. For example, in the first two months we are going from a perch that is less than a quarter inch to about a two-inch fish. The range in size of base feeds is from a fry powder through two sizes of a crumble then through 1mm size up to 2mm size. At the same time, we anticipate that the fish will be weaned off natural plankton and onto 100% prepared diet which at that point we call it "feed trained." There are other procedures to accomplish feed training. For this project, most of the effort was done in an outdoor setting. However, some of the feed training was attempted while hatching and first feeding indoors. Here we supplemented the water with pond water or cultured water. These efforts were not successful in getting any substantial amount of fry feed trained. Another technique is to hatch all the eggs in a fertilized pond and allow the fry to eat natural plankton until they are about one inch in size. At that point they are seined out of the pond, brought into a tank system, and exposed to fry feeds from one to three weeks. Those that take to the feed are returned to the pond as feed trained. This project was most successful feed training fry by exposing fry to prepared diets as early as five days post hatch. Fry were observed to be taking prepared diets as early as three weeks after initiation of the feeding regimen. This resulted in fry that grew much faster than other techniques attempted. For instance, with natural feeding only, our records indicate that perch will obtain about one inch in length from late June to July 1st. With supplemental feeding commencing at about five days post hatch, we have obtained growth rates of one inch per month each month of summer. This is not critical, but this technique does get fish larger by fall and we are more comfortable size grading fish to obtain premium fish for cold banking and grow-out operations. One should mention that there are a few assumptions that go into feed training. For instance, one should have a fair knowledge about just how many fry you have hatched. This could be quite variable unless you have knowledge of how many eggs you started with and what was the success rate of the hatch - parameters that vary substantially year to year. When we start feed training, we try to feed at a rate of between 4-6% body weight for fry. This rate is reduced to about 2% body weight by the time the fish reaches about 2 inches. However, from above, we initially try to hit a 10% supplemental feed/90% natural feed ratio and slide that to 100% supplemental by the time they are 100% feed trained. The final variable is to address the attraction to light exhibited by the fry. Not mentioned above is the fact that we also feed fry 24 hours per day. Assuming 10% supplemental for day feeding is one thing but if we add a solar light by the feeder, we now must assume that the fry are getting nearly 100% supplemental feed as long as the light is on (between 6 to 8 extra hours). Use of positive photo response should be considered at least for the first 6 weeks of fry training and reduce the photo hours to between 16 - 18 hours or regular summer daylight hours after two months. This set of feeding protocols should be based on site observations and will vary widely site to site. For this project, Blue Iris was able to feed train and set aside about 15,000 fingerlings. Of that, between 6,000 to 8,000 were considered candidates for cold banking. Those fish were transferred to Hallam's fish farm (Scenic Valley Perch) where they are presently being stored in a cold banking environment. At the present time, these fish are successfully being cold banked and are available for sale to indoor facilities who are raising perch and may need to harvest and restock their tanks. As planned, restocking of indoor facilities could begin as early as December and last until the end of March or early April when over wintered stocks from ponds might again be available.

• We learned how to be much more successful in outdoor feed training within 10 days of hatch.
• Specific recipes for indoor feed training without green water is yet to be found.  Success ratio remains about 20%.
• Advantage:  Without specific resolutions of the issues will result in continued failure rate of the industry.  It will not result in a sustainable perch food fish industry.
• We are on the cusp of success.  We have an absolute deficit in the industry supplying components of what we need.  The perch market is as high as it's ever been.