Strawberry and Raspberry Season Extension Using Low Tunnel, High Tunnel, and Day Neutral and Primocane Species

"This program will educate 8 or 10 agriculture service providers and 45 farmers over a period of three years.”

Milestone #1: (October-2022)

2 Agriculture service providers and 5 farmers will be communicated and invited to UMES small fruit plots to discuss the implementation of the proposed proposal. Participants will learn how to use raised bed machines and the phenology of June bearer (JB) strawberries. Information on suitable JB varieties will also be provided to the Ag. service providers and stakeholders. Participants will also be informed and trained for SARE Farmer Grant. Ag. Service providers and recruited farmers will provide this information to other interested farmers.  

Milestone 1:

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 10/7/2023

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 12

Number of Farmer: 49

Summary:

During the 19th Small Farm Conference (11/4/2022-11/5/2022), 5 Ag. Service Providers and 23 Farmers were recruited for the three-year NE SARE PDP Training Project on Strawberry and Raspberry Season Extension at UMES. Two additional high tunnels were created for training and demonstration purposes to make this notion a reality. To accomplish Milestone-1, four workshops were held: two workshops were held at Therapeutic Alternatives of Maryland (TELMAR), Baltimore, MD, from 5/3/2023 to 5/4/2023. The other two workshops were held at UMES on October 7, 2023. In addition. The outcomes of the seminars were discussed with Ag. Service Providers during the American Society of Horticultural Science (ASHS) Annual Meeting in Orlando, Florida (8/1/2023). Strawberry cultivation, a vital component of horticulture, requires a comprehensive understanding of modern techniques to optimize yields. This workshop provided information to Ag. Service Providers and farmers on how use of raised bed machines, the characteristics of June-bearer strawberry varieties, and the selection of appropriate mulch for raised beds. Workshop focused on the following aspects. Machine Operation: Provided hands-on training on how to operate raised bed machines, emphasizing key features and adjustments for different soil types. Maintenance Techniques: Educated farmers on routine maintenance tasks to ensure the longevity and efficiency of the raised bed machines. This includes blade sharpening, belt adjustments, and lubrication. Optimal Bed Dimensions: Discussed the ideal dimensions for raised beds, considering factors like row spacing, bed height, and overall layout. Explained how these dimensions contribute to effective water drainage and soil warming. Soil Preparation: Guided farmers on proper soil preparation before using raised bed machines, including soil testing, amendment incorporation, and leveling. Workshop and education material also provided information on Mulch Selection: Discussed various mulching materials such as straw, plastic, or landscape fabric. Evaluated the pros and cons of each, considering factors like cost, insulation properties, and environmental impact. Application Methods: Provided guidance on proper mulch application techniques, emphasizing uniform coverage and thickness to maximize benefits. Mulch Maintenance: Educated farmers on routine mulch maintenance, including weed control, replenishment, and removal at the end of the growing season. Impact on Soil Temperature: Explained how different mulching materials can influence soil temperature, affecting strawberry growth and development. This information will aid farmers in choosing the most suitable mulch for their specific climate and soil conditions. Information was also provided on Strawberry Varieties for season extension using early, mid, and late June-Bearer: Understanding the differences between June-bearer strawberry varieties is crucial for farmers to make informed decisions based on their specific needs and growing conditions. Farmers learned June-bearer varieties produce a concentrated harvest over a shorter period, typically in late spring to early summer. Limited harvest window, requiring precise marketing and distribution planning. The impact of providing training on the use of raised bed machines, understanding June-bearer strawberry varieties, and selecting appropriate mulch for raised beds is evident in the verified changes observed in participants' knowledge, attitudes, skills, and actions. 1. Increased Knowledge: Participants indicated a considerable gain in their understanding of the complexities involved in operating raised bed machines. This included a thorough understanding of appropriate bed dimensions and soil preparation processes. Farmers enhanced their awareness of the distinguishing characteristics of June-bearer strawberry types, allowing them to make informed judgments based on their individual agricultural aims and local conditions. Mulching (Black and White type) workshops aided in the advancement of knowledge about various materials, application methods, and the impact on soil temperature regulation. 2. Attitude Shift: Participants expressed greater confidence in adopting raised bed machines, recognizing them as valuable tools for optimizing strawberry yields. The nuanced understanding of strawberry varieties fostered a more adaptable mindset, allowing farmers to embrace cultivation strategies based on market demands and seasonal considerations. Attitudes towards mulching (white for day neutral and Black for June Bearers) also shifted, with participants acknowledging its importance in weed suppression, moisture retention, and overall plant health. 3. Skill Development: Hands-on training sessions provided participants with practical knowledge on how to operate and maintain raised bed machines. Farmers improved their ability to build beds, modify machine settings, and troubleshoot typical problems. Participants learned the significance of white and black type of mulches and their use for specific crops. They also learned how temperate controls flowering in strawberries and concept of day length. 4. Awareness and Action: The training workshops raised participants' knowledge of the interconnectivity of their growing method choices and the larger agricultural ecosystem. 2 farmers will plant combination of day neutral and June Bearer strawberries next season (2024) using bed raised machine to actively shift from conventional to raised bed farming practices. 1 farmer is planning to adapt U-Pick system of marketing for raised bed strawberry cultivation. All the participants improved their mulching skills for strawberry cultivation and will use black type of plastic mulch for June Bearer strawberry cultivation.   

Milestone #2: (April-2023)

4 Agriculture service providers and 8 farmers will be invited in the spring of 2023 at UMES small fruit plots to learn the phenology of day neutral strawberries (DNS) and floricane fruiting type (FFT) and primocane fruiting type (PFT) raspberries. Information on suitable varieties of DNS, FFT, and PFT will also be provided to the Ag. service providers.  Participants will also learn about the source of local availability of these plants.

Milestone 2:

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 5/4/2023

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 6

Number of Farmer: 31

Summary:

To accomplish Milestone-2, three workshops were conducted during May-November, 2023. Two workshops were conducted at Therapeutic Alternatives of Maryland (TELMAR), Baltimore, MD, from 5/3/2023 to 5/4/2023 for the socially disadvantaged beginning veteran farmers and 1 demonstration at UMES during the 20^th Small Farm Conference (11/2/2023). 5 Ag. Service Providers and 15 farmers were also recruited for the 2024 NE SARE PDP Training Project on Strawberry and Raspberry Season Extension at UMES. Following information was provided on overview of day-neutral strawberries, emphasizing its distinct feature of continuous fruiting throughout the growing season. Advantages of Season Extension: Discussed the benefits of day-neutral strawberry production, focusing on how it helps farmers to lengthen harvest seasons and meet market demands over a longer period of time. Planting Demonstration: Given a live demonstration of planting day-neutral strawberries, demonstrated optimum procedures for bed preparation, planting depth, and spacing. Hands-on activities relevant to managing day-neutral strawberry plants, such as pruning procedures, pest management, and irrigation strategies, were demonstrated. Variety selection was described in detail for flavor, yield, and disease resistance. Information was provided on bareroot and plug plants and described about their benefits, planting methods, and suitability to certain growth environments. Discussed day-neutral strawberry soil requirements, sunshine exposure, and water management options. Provided fertilization suggestions for day-neutral strawberries at various growth stages. Participants were educated on the most common foliar diseases affecting day-neutral strawberries, as well as how to detect and control them early. Explained the relevance of eliminating early blossoms in order to divert energy toward plant establishment and fruit growth. Highlighted the yield potential of day-neutral strawberries as well as their great taste, stressing their consumer appeal. Provided insights into creating a UPick system, drawing clients to the farm for a one-of-a-kind and hands-on harvesting experience. Discussed effective customer engagement tactics such as farm tours, social media advertising, and community events. These workshops seek to equip farmers with the knowledge and skills required for successful day-neutral strawberry farming, season extension, and effective marketing by combining instructive sessions, hands-on exercises, and interactive demonstrations. Day-neutral strawberry cultivation, mulching for raised beds, irrigation and fertilizer management, liquid fertilizer application, the role of fertilizer injectors, marketing options, and agritourism have all had a significant impact, as evidenced by verified changes in participants' knowledge, attitudes, skills, awareness, and subsequent actions. 1. Increased Knowledge: Participants indicated a significant increase in knowledge about the benefits of day-neutral strawberries for season extension as season can be extended up to 9 months. Understanding the best mulching techniques (White type to regulate temperature during summer months) for raised beds, irrigation tactics (use of irrometer for irrigation scheduling) for the efficient use of water. The role of liquid fertilizers and the efficient use of fertilizer injectors for accurate nutrient administration. 2 farmers will use irrometer and fertilizer injector next season for the efficient management of water and fertilizer for sustainable strawberry cultivation. 2. Attitude Shift: A positive shift in attitudes towards adopting sustainable and season-extending practices was observed. Participants embraced the potential of day-neutral strawberries as a means of diversifying their crop calendars, leading to increased income at farm. Attitudes towards mulching (white outside and black inside) evolved, with participants recognizing its role in weed suppression, moisture retention, and soil health improvement. 3. Skill Development: Hands-on sessions improved practical abilities in day-neutral strawberry farming, including as planting, maintenance, and pest control. Participants mastered the application of liquid fertilizers with injector devices, maximizing nutrient delivery. Practical irrigation instruction on how to use irrometer prepared them to handle water efficiently in a variety of growing environments. 15 participants looking for a inexpensive type of fertilizer injector. 4. Awareness and Action: Participants are planning to diversify marketing tactics and   agritourism potential such as farm tours and community engagement. This move reflected a greater knowledge of the relationship between sustainable agriculture practices and successful marketing efforts. 4 participants are planning for UPick system and youth education at farm. Adoption of these techniques not only demonstrated a commitment to sustainable agriculture, but also helped to the economic viability and resilience of farming communities. The positive changes seen highlight the importance of focused education in promoting agricultural practices and developing a more sustainable and economically viable farming community. Workshops on raspberries will be conducted next year as these plants are still growing and we are in the process of developing trellis system. 

Milestone #3: (July-2023)

6 Agriculture service providers and 10 farmers will be invited in the summer of 2023 at UMES small fruit plots. Participants will learn how to construct inexpensive low tunnels (LT) to enhance the season extension of DNS. Participants will also learn how LT protects DNS from rainfall mediated fungal diseases. New team members who will join the project at later stages will receive previous educational materials to keep pace with the project. Local sources for LT materials will be provided to participants.   

Milestone 3:

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 9/29/2023

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 3

Number of Farmer: 13

Summary:

To accomplish Milestone-3, one workshop was conducted during September, 2023. Workshop conveyed step-by-step construction of low tunnels using PVC pipes, twine, and tape. Participants were explained the advantages of low tunnels in season extension, disease reduction, and improved fruit quality. Greenhouse films play a crucial role in controlling the growing environment within a low tunnel, influencing factors such as light transmission, heat retention, and durability. Participants were provided information on types of greenhouse films such as infrared films, anti-condensation films, diffused films, acrylic films, ethylene vinyl acetate films, polycarbonate films, polyvinyl chloride films, and polyethylene films for low tunnel construction. Shared success stories of farmers who have implemented low tunnels for disease management and higher yield of day neutral strawberries. Participants were also provided information on the budget of low tunnel construction. The educational programs centered on low tunnel construction utilizing low-cost materials such as PVC pipes, twine, tape, and various types of greenhouse films resulted in significant and validated changes in participants' knowledge, attitudes, skills, awareness, and actions. 1. Increased Knowledge: The participants demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge regarding the building and application of low tunnels. There was a shared knowledge of the basic principles at first, but as the sessions went, participants gained deeper insights into material selection, structural design, and the vital role of different types of greenhouse films. They got a thorough understanding of how UV-blocking and UV-transmitting films can effectively manage diseases and insects’ movement within a low tunnel and how light spectrum control help to extend the growing season and improve fruit quality. Specially success story of Mr. Mike from Virginia, who documented higher day neutral strawberry yield using low tunnels, encouraged participants to use low tunnels for strawberry cultivation. 1 socially disadvantaged women farmer and 1 beginning farmer are planning to use low tunnels for strawberry cultivation and other crops. 2. Attitude Shift:  The workshop resulted in a positive shift in attitudes about the use of low tunnels as a viable and cost-effective alternative for improving strawberry cultivation. Participants initially questioned the simplicity of materials like PVC pipes, twine, and tape, but they gradually accepted these elements as accessible tools for producing efficient low tunnel structures. Participants recognized the economic benefits of adopting affordable materials without sacrificing efficacy as they became more aware of the possible benefits of various greenhouse films. 3. Skill Development: Participants developed actual skills that went beyond academic knowledge, such as learning to bend PVC pipes and precisely secure greenhouse films. Low tunnel construction became a concrete skill set, allowing participants to repeat the technique on their own farms. The acquired abilities extended beyond construction to include material selection, efficient assembly processes, and proper film installation, all of which contributed to the participants' confidence in properly implementing low tunnels. Participants documented how simple it is to build low tunnels. 4. Awareness and Action:  2 participants planning to put low tunnels up on their fields, displaying a proactive attitude to sustainable agriculture. The planned modification of light spectrums for season extension and the strategic use of UV-transmitting/blocking films for disease management demonstrated a greater grasp of the subtle elements impacting successful strawberry cultivation.

 Milestone #4: (October-2023)

8 Agriculture service providers and 12 farmers will be invited in the fall of 2023 at UMES small fruit plots. Feedback will be collected from the participants to further improve the extension outreach program. Participants will learn about the management/purchase/parts/operation of high tunnels (HT) and associated problems. Participants will also be informed about the NRCS grant for HT. Participants will also be informed and trained for SARE Farmer Grant. Participants will also be informed about the local sources of HT construction material. Members of team (8 or 10) and farmers who patriciate in the earlier workshops responds to annual verification to report on teaching and assistance about strawberry and raspberry cultivation.

Milestone 4:

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 11/02/2023

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 5

Number of Farmer: 15

Summary:

High tunnels (HT) have become invaluable assets for farmers, providing controlled settings that boost crop output and protect against inclement weather. Comprehensive information is essential for arming farmers with the knowledge and resources required for successful high tunnel use. Management, buying considerations, maintenance, operation, and the possible NRCS grant for high tunnels are among the topics covered in workshops and programs. Participants were instructed on the day-to-day operation of high tunnels, with an emphasis on the following essential areas: Strawberry variety selection for high tunnel farming was provided, taking into account local climate conditions, soil quality, and market demand. Participants learned how to regulate ventilation and temperature in order to produce an ideal microclimate for strawberries. Effective water management was emphasized, including drip irrigation and the importance of maintaining adequate moisture levels for strawberry. Participants were given advice on how to make educated selections when acquiring high tunnels. Advice on selecting the best materials, size, and design to meet specific farming needs and environmental conditions. Understanding the many ventilation options available and selecting systems that are compatible with the crops being grown. Comparisons of various covering materials, such as single or double layers of polyethylene, and their effects on light transmission, insulation, and durability. Participants were also educated on the value of endwall design in improving air circulation and structural integrity. Detailed information was provided on high tunnel parts and operation by Mr. Brian, Farm Crew Member, UMES; I: Step-by-step instructions for assembling high tunnel frames while maintaining structural integrity and stability. II: Demonstrations of proper covering material installation, including fastening, tightening, and sealing to enhance performance. III: Instruction on how to use roll-up side walls to effectively control temperature and humidity. IV: Endwall management techniques for optimizing airflow and preventing damage during harsh weather events. Participants were trained on frequent high tunnel farming issues and viable solutions. Information was also provided on strategies for preventing and managing diseases and pests in the high tunnel environment, methods for preventing fungal illnesses by resolving condensation difficulties and maintaining ideal humidity level, and training on frequent inspection and maintenance techniques to guarantee high tunnel lifetime and functionality.

The educational programs focused on the building, management, procurement considerations, parts, operation of high tunnels (HT), and addressing associated difficulties resulted in deep and verifiable improvements in participants' knowledge, attitudes, abilities, and behaviors. These courses not only provided participants with practical skills, but they also facilitated a paradigm shift in their approach to high tunnel agriculture. 1. Increased Knowledge: Participants indicated a significant increase in knowledge across multiple aspects of high tunnel farming. Participants gained an in-depth understanding of high tunnel construction, structural concerns, covering materials, and the complexities of optimal operation through workshops and hands-on activities. They gained a thorough awareness of issues such as disease management, pest control, and structural maintenance, allowing them to make informed decisions. 1 team member/participant got NRCS funded high tunnel for day neutral strawberry cultivation in the Wicomico County, MD. Based on recommendation of this program, two high yielding day neutral strawberry varieties (Seascape and Portola) will be cultivated in the next season (2024). 2. Attitude Shift:  These workshops caused a beneficial transformation in participants' perceptions. Some participants may have initially seen high tunnel farming as complicated or out of reach. However, when they obtained hands-on experience and a greater grasp of the practical issues, their perception shifted noticeably. Participants began to regard high tunnels as not only practical but also necessary tools for optimizing strawberry yield, extending growing seasons, and managing weather hazards. Using high tunnels, we can demonstrate day neutral strawberry growing in Somerset County, MD until the third week of December. One female farmer will apply for NRCS-funded high tunnels in the next year. 3. Skill Development: Practical workshops were critical in participants' skill development. Participants developed skills in everything from building high tunnels and assembling their pieces to operating ventilation systems and addressing associated challenges. The information shared by the person who constructed these high tunnels at UMES created confidence that went beyond theoretical knowledge. Participants were not only educated, but also given the ability to implement what they learned in real-world high tunnel farming circumstances. Participants can order type of high tunnels they are interested in and similarly type of strawberry variety they want to grow for season extension. In fact, high tunnels can be the integral part of agritourism and can promote crop sale at the farm. Visitors can experience sustainable farming practices through high tunnels, which provide an immersive and educational component to agritourism. Exciting tours of these enclosed constructions provide insights into season extension, crop production, and technological integration. By demonstrating innovative and environmentally sensitive farming methods, high tunnels enhance the overall agritourism experience. 2 participants will allow UPick approach under high tunnels. 4. Awareness and Action: The workshop promoted a proactive approach, urging participants to include high tunnels into their overall farm management practices. In addition to strawberries, participants intend to cultivate other minor fruits and vegetables under high tunnels. One participant intends to use high tunnels to cultivate cut flowers and sweet potatoes. 5. Impact on Farming Practice: The verified changes in knowledge, attitudes, and skills have had a discernible impact on participants' farming practices. The implementation of high tunnels has resulted in extended growing seasons, improved crop yields, and enhanced resilience against adverse weather conditions. Participants reported a decline in disease incidences and improved pest management, indicative of the practical benefits derived from the workshops. 1 participant is embracing a dual approach, this participant plans to cultivate potted strawberries within high tunnels, offering not only luscious fruits but also thriving potted plants. By introducing this range of products at farmer markets, the participant aims to cater to both consumers seeking fresh, homegrown strawberries and those interested in cultivating their own berry-producing plants, creating a unique and appealing market proposition. 6. Adoption of Sustainable Practices: The workshops emphasized the need of sustainable and resource-efficient farming techniques in addition to technical considerations. Participants learned about soil health, water management, and organic pest control strategies. This broader perspective has contributed to a more environmentally responsible and sustainable approach to high tunnel agriculture. 2 socially disadvantaged participants shared their views to grow organic strawberries in high tunnels is a sustainable and environmentally friendly method. High tunnels produce a controlled environment that lowers the need for hazardous chemicals to control weeds and diseases. The enclosed building acts as a natural barrier against pests and reduces exposure to external toxins, making organic methods possible. This strategy is consistent with organic farming principles, encouraging soil health, biodiversity, and consumer well-being while providing a realistic answer for farmers committed to sustainable agriculture.

Milestone #5: (April-2024)

8 Agriculture service providers and 15 farmers will be invited in the spring of 2024 at UMES small fruit plots. Education will be provided on nutrition management in JB and DNS. Participants will learn about the use of fertilizer injector, fertilization calculations, and the benefits of liquid and granular fertilizers. Ag. service providers will produce factsheets and online educational material on above mentions aspects. 

Milestone 5:

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 10/25/2024

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 7

Number of Farmer: 80

Poster linked HERE 1A-Strawberry-2025: This NE-SARE program turned strawberry growers into nutrient-management pros. Hands-on workshops, fertilizer injector training, and plant giveaways boosted confidence, skills, and access for underserved farmers—empowering them to grow June Bearer and Day Neutral strawberries sustainably and profitably on the Delmarva Peninsula

Summary: Seven workshops were conducted to achieve Milestone-5, focusing on nutrition management for June Bearer (JB) and Day Neutral Strawberries (DNS). These workshops included the UMES Small Farm Conference-2024 on "Season Extension of Strawberry and Raspberries using High Tunnels, Day Neutrals, June Bearers, Primocane, and Floricane Species on the Delmarva Peninsula" and "Demonstration of Strawberry Cultivation using High Tunnels for Season Extension" on 11/2/2024. The NE SARE Workshop on "Nutrition Management in JB and DNS: Mastering Fertilizer Injectors, Calculations, and the Advantages of Liquid vs. Granular Fertilizers" was held on 10/25/2024. Other workshops included "Strawberry Cultivation" and "Season Extension of Strawberries using Low Tunnels" for US Service Veterans, conducted for two groups on 5/2/2024 and 6/21/2024. A total of 87 participants attended, comprising 82 Black and 5 White individuals. The gender distribution included 41 males and 46 females, with all participants being adults. These workshops provided practical education and tools to promote sustainable and efficient farming practices. Farmers from Maryland (MD), Delaware (DE), and Virginia (VA) actively participated in these workshops, reflecting a strong regional engagement. As part of this program, strawberry plants valued at over $7,000 were distributed to small farm holders for the 2025 planting season, enabling an early start to cultivation. This initiative addressed a significant challenge faced by small-scale farmers: the difficulty in sourcing strawberry plants in manageable quantities. Commercial suppliers typically offer plants in bulk, which small farm holders neither require nor can afford due to the higher costs associated with purchasing smaller quantities. By overcoming these barriers, the UMES NE SARE PDP Program played a crucial role in empowering communities to cultivate strawberries effectively. Farmers received 12 varieties of June Bearers and Day Neutral strawberries, equipping them with options suited to their specific farming needs and fostering increased agricultural productivity and sustainability. The survey responses reveal a significant increase in participants' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and adoption of sustainable practices in strawberry nutrition management. Before the session, 40% of respondents rated their knowledge as "None," with 60% indicating "Basic" or "Intermediate." Post-session, 70% rated their knowledge as "Advanced," and 30% as "Intermediate," with all participants reporting the ability to independently perform fertilization calculations. Confidence in using fertilizer injectors and understanding liquid versus granular fertilizers also improved markedly. Participants demonstrated a notable attitude shift, moving from limited confidence and familiarity with advanced techniques to enthusiasm for applying new knowledge. Ninety percent expressed they were "Very Likely" to implement the practices, underscoring the session's impact in fostering a proactive approach. Skill development was evident as 100% of participants reported mastering critical tasks such as fertilizer calculations and injector usage, translating theory into actionable practices. Enhanced analytical abilities further enabled informed decision-making on nutrient application. The session inspired awareness and action, with participants expressing increased understanding and commitment to adopting advanced, sustainable methods. Injector-based fertilizer application, a key takeaway, minimizes nutrient loss, reduces pollution, and saves costs, supporting productivity and environmental health while addressing smallholders' needs for efficient and cost-effective practices.

Increased Knowledge: The survey responses highlight a significant increase in knowledge among the participants. Before the session, 40% of respondents rated their knowledge of nutrition management as "None," while the remaining 60% rated it as "Basic" or "Intermediate." Additionally, 90% of respondents reported no familiarity with performing fertilization calculations, and most rated their understanding of liquid versus granular fertilizers as "Average," with some reporting "Poor" or "Very Poor." After the session, 70% of respondents rated their knowledge of nutrition management as "Advanced," and the remaining 30% rated it as "Intermediate." No respondents rated their knowledge as "None" or "Basic," indicating substantial improvement. All participants reported they could independently perform basic fertilization calculations after the session. Furthermore, all participants noted an increased understanding of liquid versus granular fertilizers, with many stating that their knowledge had improved significantly. Confidence levels showed a dramatic improvement. Before the session, most participants expressed limited confidence, which corresponded with their "None" or "Basic" pre-session knowledge. After the session, the majority reported confidence levels at "Intermediate" or "Advanced," reflecting a substantial boost in their understanding and ability to apply the concepts taught. The session effectively addressed critical knowledge gaps and equipped participants with practical skills, such as performing fertilization calculations and understanding the benefits of different types of fertilizers. This increase in knowledge empowers participants to adopt advanced practices in strawberry nutrition management, demonstrating the session's success in fostering learning and application.

Attitude Shift: The survey responses reveal a notable shift in participants' attitudes toward strawberry nutrition management, reflecting enhanced confidence and willingness to adopt new practices. Before the session, participants demonstrated limited confidence and a lack of familiarity with advanced techniques. A significant portion rated their knowledge as "None" or "Basic," and 90% were unfamiliar with performing fertilization calculations. Additionally, 80% had never used a fertilizer injector, and most expressed only an average understanding of the benefits of liquid versus granular fertilizers. These responses indicate initial apprehension and limited exposure to modern agricultural practices. After the session, a clear attitude shift was evident. Participants expressed increased confidence, with 70% rating their post-session understanding of nutrition management as "Advanced" and the remaining 30% as "Intermediate." All respondents reported feeling confident in their ability to use a fertilizer injector and perform basic fertilization calculations, indicating a newfound willingness to engage with advanced tools and practices. The survey also showed a strong intention to apply the knowledge gained, with 90% of participants stating they were "Very Likely" to implement these practices in their agricultural operations. Furthermore, the unanimous recommendation of the session to other farmers and agricultural service providers reflects a positive perception of its value and effectiveness. This shift in attitude highlights the session's success in overcoming initial skepticism or hesitance and fostering a proactive, confident approach to implementing advanced techniques in strawberry nutrition management. The participants' enthusiasm for applying their new knowledge underscores the transformative impact of the educational intervention.

Skill Development: The survey responses demonstrate substantial skill development among the participants, particularly in the areas of fertilizer use and strawberry nutrition management. Before the session, 90% of participants were unfamiliar with performing fertilization calculations, and 80% had never used a fertilizer injector in their agricultural practices. These responses indicate a lack of prior exposure to key technical skills required for advanced strawberry nutrition management. Additionally, participants expressed limited understanding of the practical differences between liquid and granular fertilizers, which are essential for optimizing nutrition strategies. After the session, all participants reported significant skill development. Every respondent stated they could now perform basic fertilization calculations independently, a critical skill for precise nutrition management. Similarly, all participants felt confident using a fertilizer injector, a major improvement from the pre-session data. This demonstrates that the session provided practical, hands-on learning opportunities that translated into real, actionable abilities. The unanimous improvement in understanding the benefits of liquid versus granular fertilizers also reflects enhanced analytical skills, enabling participants to make informed decisions about fertilizer application based on their specific needs. This skill development was further evidenced by respondents’ high confidence levels in applying these techniques effectively in their operations. Participants' ability to articulate advanced knowledge and practical application strategies post-session—such as the role of KNO3 and CaNO3 or step-by-step fertilizer dose calculations—further underscores the depth of skill acquisition. The session empowered participants to move beyond theoretical knowledge, equipping them with the practical tools and confidence needed for immediate implementation in their agricultural practices. This comprehensive skill development ensures long-term benefits for participants and their operations.

Awareness and Action: The survey responses reveal a significant increase in awareness and a strong inclination toward action among the participants, highlighting the session's effectiveness in inspiring informed decision-making and proactive behavior. Before the session, participants demonstrated limited awareness of advanced practices in strawberry nutrition management. Forty percent of respondents rated their initial knowledge as "None," and 60% rated it as "Basic" or "Intermediate." Additionally, 90% were unfamiliar with performing fertilization calculations, and 80% had never used a fertilizer injector. While most participants rated their understanding of liquid versus granular fertilizers as "Average," a notable portion reported "Poor" or "Very Poor" comprehension. These responses suggest that awareness of advanced techniques and tools was low, with many participants operating without key insights needed for optimal nutrition management. Following the session, a dramatic increase in awareness was evident. Participants reported improved understanding across all key areas: 100% of respondents indicated they now understood the benefits of liquid versus granular fertilizers better. All participants expressed confidence in using fertilizer injectors and performing fertilization calculations, reflecting a heightened awareness of these tools' importance and practical application. The session also motivated participants to translate their awareness into action. When asked about their likelihood to apply the knowledge and skills gained, 90% of respondents indicated they were "Very Likely" to implement these practices in their agricultural operations. The unanimous recommendation of the session to other farmers and agricultural service providers further illustrates a commitment to sharing and promoting these learnings within their networks. Participants highlighted specific actionable insights, such as proper fertilizer calculations for raised bed culture, understanding nutrient timing, and the role of fertilizers like KNO3 and CaNO3. This feedback demonstrates not only increased awareness but also a readiness to act on the newly acquired knowledge to improve agricultural practices. In summary, the session effectively bridged gaps in awareness and inspired actionable change, empowering participants to adopt advanced practices and share these benefits within their agricultural communities.

Impact on Farming Practice: The survey responses reveal a profound impact on farming practices among the participants, particularly in adopting advanced techniques for strawberry nutrition management. Before the session, 80% of respondents had never used a fertilizer injector, and 90% were unfamiliar with fertilization calculations, limiting their ability to optimize crop nutrition. Following the session, all participants reported newfound confidence in using fertilizer injectors and independently performing fertilization calculations, marking a significant shift in their technical capabilities. Injector-based fertilizer application was highlighted as a key takeaway, emphasizing its ability to minimize nutrient loss and pollution while enhancing efficiency. Participants recognized its potential to save money, as fertilizers are a significant expense in farming operations. Additionally, 90% of participants indicated they were "Very Likely" to apply the knowledge and skills gained. Improved understanding of liquid versus granular fertilizers, nutrient timing, and precise dose calculations equips participants to make informed decisions, ensuring sustainable and cost-effective farming practices.

Adoption of Sustainable Practice: The survey responses highlight a notable shift toward adopting sustainable practices among the participants, driven by the session's focus on advanced nutrition management for strawberries. Before the session, limited familiarity with fertilizer injectors (80% had never used one) and fertilization calculations (90% unfamiliar) hindered participants' ability to implement efficient and sustainable approaches. After the session, all respondents expressed confidence in using fertilizer injectors and performing precise fertilization calculations, enabling better nutrient management. The adoption of injector-based fertilizer application represents a critical move toward sustainability. This approach minimizes nutrient loss and pollution, reducing the environmental impact of farming. Participants also recognized the cost-saving potential of precise nutrient application, given the high expense of fertilizers. By understanding the benefits of liquid versus granular fertilizers and the importance of nutrient timing, participants are now equipped to make informed decisions that enhance productivity while promoting soil health, resource efficiency, and long-term sustainability in their farming operations.

Milestone #6: (July-2024)

8 Agriculture service providers and 15 farmers will be invited in the summer of 2024 at UMES small fruit plots. Education will be provided on nutrition management in FFT and PFT raspberries. Participants will learn about the use of fertilizer injector, fertilization calculations, and  liquid and granular fertilizers. Ag. service providers will produce factsheets/online  educational material on above mentions aspects. 

Milestone 6:

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 11/8/2024

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 80

Number of Farmer: 7

Poster linked HERE: 1B-Raspberry-2025 NE-SARE workshops trained 87 growers in advanced raspberry nutrition, injector use, and split-dose fertilization. Participants received propagation materials, improved knowledge, and committed to sustainable nutrient practices—strengthening raspberry production and equity for underserved farmers across the Mid-Atlantic.

Summary: Seven workshops were conducted to achieve Milestone-6, focusing on nutrition management for Floricane and Primocane raspberries, as well as advanced cultivation techniques. These included the NE-SARE Workshop-2024: Nutrition Management in Floricane and Primocane Raspberries: Fertilizer Injector Usage, Calculations, and Choosing Between Liquid and Granular Fertilizers (11/8/2024); UMES Small Farm Conference-2024: Season Extension of Raspberries using High Tunnels, Primocane, and Floricane Species on the Delmarva Peninsula (11/2/2024); UMES Small Farm Conference-2024: Demonstration of Raspberry Cultivation using High Tunnels (11/2/2024); UMES Small Farm Conference-2024: Demonstration of Vegetative Propagation in Raspberries using hardwood cuttings (11/2/2024); NE-SARE Workshop for US Service Veterans on Vegetative Propagation/Pruning in Raspberries on the Delmarva Peninsula (9/26/2024); NE-SARE Workshop for US Service Veterans on Cultivation of Primocane Raspberries on the Delmarva Peninsula (9/26/2024); and NE-SARE Workshop for US Service Veterans on Cultivation of Floricane Raspberries on the Delmarva Peninsula (9/26/2024). A total of 87 participants attended these workshops, comprising 61 adults and 26 youth. The demographic breakdown included 57 Black, 14 White, and 0 Asian participants, with a gender distribution of 35 males and 52 females. These workshops provided education on fertilizer injectors, fertilization calculations, and sustainable cultivation practices for raspberries and strawberries. During the raspberry pruning workshops, hardwood cuttings valued at $5,000 were distributed to 25 farmers from Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia. These hardwood cuttings, which can cost up to $7 each after rooting, provided significant economic assistance to small-scale growers. Through the NE-SARE-PDP program, this initiative enabled farmers to vegetatively propagate over 20 different varieties of primocane and floricane raspberries. These varieties, selected for their ability to extend the harvest season from June to November, offer growers enhanced flexibility and profitability.

The program not only supported farmers economically but also promoted sustainable agricultural practices. Hardwood cuttings, which are typically discarded during cane pruning, were repurposed into valuable propagation material, reducing waste and maximizing resources. This approach aligns with the principles of sustainability by turning potential agricultural waste into a productive asset, empowering farmers to expand their raspberry cultivation while minimizing costs and environmental impact. The training addressed critical knowledge gaps, particularly in fertilizer calculations, injector usage, and fertilizer selection, which had previously limited the adoption of advanced practices. These educational sessions equipped participants with technical skills and inspired confidence to apply sustainable fertilization techniques, enhancing both productivity and environmental stewardship. Survey findings revealed that most respondents initially lacked understanding of key topics, such as split-dose fertilization and interpreting fertilizer bag numbers, but gained substantial knowledge and practical skills by the end of the program. All participants planned to implement at least one advanced fertilization practice, with many expressing interest in future training on topics like pest management and yield improvement. The workshops' impact was evident in improved farming practices and the adoption of sustainability-focused methods, reinforcing their value in empowering farming communities.

Demographics: The survey drew responses from nine participants, including seven farmers (77.8%) and two agricultural service providers (22.2%). Among the farmers, the majority were Black (66.7%, 6/9), with White farmers making up the remaining 33.3% (3/9). Gender representation was: Black female farmers were the largest group (44.4%, 4/9), followed by one White female farmer (11.1%), one Black male farmer (11.1%), one White male farmer (11.1%), and one White male youth (11.1%). Tailored educational programs that address unique challenges faced by different demographic groups has been successful. For instance, Black female farmers, who may have limited access to resources, greatly benefit from hands-on training and accessible educational materials. Similarly, the participation of younger individuals (e.g., White male youth) suggests a growing interest in advanced agricultural practices among the next generation of farmers. The agricultural service providers, making up over one-fifth of respondents, are critical stakeholders for disseminating knowledge and supporting broader adoption of these practices. The survey highlights the program's ability to reach a broad audience, setting a strong foundation for continued engagement and targeted interventions.

Increased Knowledge: The training revealed a significant baseline knowledge gap among participants. Most respondents rated their understanding of core topics—fertilizer injectors, fertilization calculations, fertilizer bag numbers, and differences between liquid and granular fertilizers—at 1 out of 5 (88.9%, 8/9). Only 22.2% (2/9) of respondents demonstrated moderate familiarity with fertilizer bag numbers (rating 4). This highlights the critical need for foundational education in nutrition management practices. Many farmers reported limited prior exposure to advanced fertilization techniques. Despite this initial deficit, the training successfully bridged gaps by introducing participants to practical methods for improving fertilization practices. Key topics, such as split-dose applications and nutrient calculations, were especially valuable to participants who lacked prior technical knowledge. The program also offered agricultural service providers the tools needed to develop factsheets and other educational materials, enabling them to support farmers in their regions. The low starting point in knowledge underscores the value of such initiatives in building capacity among farmers and ensuring access for all to technical expertise.

Attitude Shift: A significant shift in attitude toward advanced agricultural practices was observed following the training. Confidence levels in applying techniques such as fertilizer calculations, split-dose applications, and fertilizer injectors increased dramatically, with most respondents rating their confidence between 4 and 5 out of 5. Notably, 88.9% (8/9) of participants rated their confidence in interpreting fertilizer bag numbers at 4 or higher, demonstrating a newfound willingness to engage with complex fertilization strategies. The positive shift was especially pronounced among Black female farmers (44.4% of respondents), many of whom expressed initial apprehension about technical topics like injector use and nutrient management. The training helped build trust in these practices, illustrating how well-designed programs can empower all farmers. Participants also displayed enthusiasm for expanding their knowledge, as reflected in the demand for advanced topics such as pest management, drip irrigation, and yield improvement strategies (66.7%, 6/9). By addressing both technical barriers and attitudinal resistance, the program fostered a readiness among participants to adopt innovative practices, signaling long-term potential for improved productivity and resource efficiency.

Skill Development: The training was highly effective in building participants' technical skills. Respondents reported high confidence levels in key areas, such as calculating fertilizer doses (average score: 4.6 out of 5) and interpreting fertilizer bag numbers (4.8 out of 5). These skills are critical for implementing precise fertilization practices, minimizing waste, and improving nutrient uptake. Confidence in using fertilizer injectors also increased significantly, with 66.7% (6/9) of respondents rating their proficiency at 4 or higher. Participants valued the hands-on nature of the training, with 88.9% (8/9) preferring workshops and practical demonstrations. This preference underscores the importance of experiential learning in skill acquisition, especially for complex tasks like injector calibration and split-dose fertilization. These results demonstrate that the program succeeded in equipping participants with actionable skills, enabling them to implement improvements immediately on their farms.

Awareness and Action: The training successfully raised awareness about the importance of advanced fertilization practices and motivated participants to take actionable steps. 77.8% (7/9) of respondents rated the content as "relevant" or "highly relevant" to their professional needs, indicating strong alignment between the training objectives and participants' challenges. Key practices such as split-dose fertilization and liquid fertilizer application were identified as priorities, with all respondents (100%, 9/9) planning to adopt at least one of these techniques. The demand for future sessions focusing on yield improvement strategies (66.7%, 6/9) and advanced fertilization techniques (55.6%, 5/9) highlights participants' readiness to continue learning. The survey also revealed a preference for accessible resources, such as printed factsheets (77.8%, 7/9) and online guides (55.6%, 5/9), ensuring participants can reinforce their knowledge independently. These findings demonstrate that the program not only enhanced awareness but also provided actionable solutions tailored to participants’ immediate needs.

Impact on Farming Practices: The training had a transformative impact on farming practices, with 100% (9/9) of respondents planning to adopt split-dose fertilization. This technique, which optimizes nutrient delivery while minimizing waste, resonated strongly with participants across all demographics. Additionally, 88.9% (8/9) expressed confidence in applying precise fertilizer calculations, highlighting the immediate practical benefits of the training. Participants also recognized the value of interpreting fertilizer bag numbers, a skill rated as highly confident by most respondents (88.9%, 8/9). These changes are expected to improve both productivity and sustainability, marking a significant step forward for participants' farming operations.

Adoption of Sustainable Practices: Sustainability emerged as a key theme, with participants expressing strong interest in techniques such as split-dose fertilization and drip irrigation. 77.8% (7/9) highlighted these practices as priorities for future implementation, recognizing their potential to reduce nutrient loss and enhance resource efficiency. The training also encouraged participants to explore environmentally friendly methods, such as liquid fertilizers and injector systems, which were well-received by the majority. Accessible educational resources were identified as critical for supporting the adoption of sustainable practices. Printed factsheets were favored by 77.8% (7/9), while online guides and videos were preferred by 55.6% (5/9). These findings suggest that participants are committed to integrating sustainability into their operations and are seeking ongoing support to facilitate this transition. By emphasizing sustainable practices, the program aligns with broader agricultural goals, helping farmers adapt to evolving industry standards while improving environmental stewardship.

Milestone #7: (September-2024)

8 Agriculture service providers and 18 farmers will be invited in September 2024 at UMES small fruit plots. Participants will learn about the basics of irrigation and pest management in JB and DNS growing under HT, LT, and open bed regimes. 

Milestone 7:

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 11/9/2024

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 3

Number of Farmer: 27

Summary: Four workshops were conducted to complete Milestone 7: NE-SARE Workshop-2024: Demonstration of June Bearers and Day-Neutral Strawberries in High Tunnels (Irrigation and Pest-management) (11/9/2024). UMES Extension Strawberry Cultivation Workshop for US Service Veterans-Group-II (6/21/2024). UMES Extension Season Extension of Strawberry using Low Tunnels Workshop for US Service Veterans-Group-II (6/21/2024). UMES Extension Season Extension of Strawberry using Low Tunnels Workshop for US Service Veterans-Group-I (5/2/2024). Demographics (Total): Adults: 30, Youth: 0, Male: 17, Female: 13, White: 4, Black: 25, Asian: 1, Hispanic: 0. The survey included 8 farmers, with 62.5% identifying as Black, 12.5% as Asian, and 25% as White. Among them, 75% were female and 25% were male, including one White male beginner farmer. For managing leaf spot disease, 37.5% of farmers prioritized selecting resistant varieties, while 62.5% chose using straw between rows. All participants (100%) acknowledged the benefits of straw mulching in preventing fungal disease spread and conserving moisture. Farmers were evenly divided on the purpose of integrating high or low tunnels, with 50% focusing on extending the growing season and 50% on minimizing leaf wetness to reduce disease risks. Regarding irrigation scheduling, 62.5% emphasized using tensiometers to monitor soil moisture, and 37.5% highlighted reducing the duration of irrigation cycles. All farmers (100%) indicated plans to use organic mulch, such as straw, to achieve water conservation and disease prevention. When asked about insights to share with other growers, 100% of participants agreed on the importance of irrigation scheduling, resistant varieties, and the effectiveness of high tunnels. Additionally, all farmers expressed the need for further support through hands-on workshops, affordable tools, and local extension services.

Increased Knowledge: The survey demonstrated significant knowledge gains among participants, particularly in understanding disease management and water conservation strategies. For managing leaf spot disease, 62.5% of farmers prioritized using straw between rows, while 37.5% highlighted the importance of selecting resistant varieties. All participants (100%) recognized the benefits of straw mulching in preventing fungal spread and conserving soil moisture. Additionally, 62.5% identified tensiometers as crucial tools for monitoring soil moisture, reflecting improved knowledge of irrigation scheduling. This indicates a strong understanding of both organic and technological solutions to enhance crop health and productivity, aligning with sustainable farming practices.

Attitude Shift: The survey revealed a positive shift in attitudes toward adopting sustainable and organic farming practices. All farmers (100%) acknowledged the importance of straw mulching and its benefits in disease prevention and water conservation. Equally, 100% appreciated the value of irrigation scheduling and integrating high or low tunnels for reducing disease risks or extending the growing season. The even distribution of preferences for tunnel applications (50% each) reflects an openness to tailoring solutions to specific needs. These responses underscore a growing enthusiasm for incorporating sustainable methods, replacing traditional reliance on chemical solutions, and fostering community-oriented knowledge sharing.

Skill Development: Participants exhibited enhanced skills in applying sustainable practices based on the survey results. All farmers (100%) indicated their ability to use organic mulch effectively for water conservation and disease prevention. Moreover, 62.5% emphasized proficiency in monitoring soil moisture using tensiometers, highlighting their practical understanding of irrigation tools. Skills in disease management were also evident, with 62.5% prioritizing straw placement to minimize fungal spread. The strong emphasis on practical applications demonstrates that the training successfully equipped participants with actionable skills to enhance their farming systems sustainably and efficiently.

Awareness and Action: The training increased participants' awareness of key farming challenges and actionable solutions. All farmers (100%) expressed intent to use mulch and share practical insights like the importance of irrigation scheduling and resistant varieties with their peers. Farmers were evenly split (50% each) on tunnel applications—highlighting their awareness of how these structures can either extend growing seasons or mitigate disease risks. Moreover, their collective acknowledgment of the need for hands-on workshops and affordable tools underscores a proactive stance in seeking additional resources to implement what they learned. This highlights a strong alignment between awareness and immediate action.

Impact on Farming Practice: Survey responses indicate a meaningful impact on farming practices. For example, 100% of farmers agreed to use organic mulch and implement irrigation scheduling improvements based on tensiometer readings or optimized watering durations. The split focus on tunnel use (50% for disease reduction and 50% for season extension) demonstrates tailored integration of structures to fit their specific farming systems. Moreover, the universal adoption of straw mulching reflects a significant transformation toward preventing fungal diseases while conserving resources. These outcomes suggest that the training directly influenced how participants plan to adapt their practices for long-term productivity.

Adoption of Sustainable Practices: The survey showed a unanimous (100%) intent to adopt sustainable practices among participants. This includes using organic mulch for water conservation, integrating high or low tunnels for disease management, and leveraging tensiometers for precise irrigation. Additionally, 62.5% of participants prioritized strategies like straw between rows for reducing fungal spread, showcasing a clear shift toward environmentally friendly methods. Farmers’ interest in further education through workshops (100%) reflects a commitment to deepening their understanding of sustainable techniques. These findings indicate that the training successfully fostered both immediate and long-term adoption of sustainable farming practices.

Milestone #8: (October-2024)

8 Agriculture service providers and 20 farmers will be invited in the fall of 2024 at UMES small fruit plots. Ag. service providers and farmers will learn about the fundamentals of irrigation and pest management in FFT and PFT raspberries growing under HT and open bed regimes. Feedbacks will be collected from growers and Ag. Service providers. Members of the team (8 or 10) and farmers who participated in the earlier workshops responded to annual verification to report on teaching and assistance about strawberry and raspberry cultivation. New participants will be informed about the NRCS grant for HT. New participants will also be informed and trained for SARE Farmer Grant. 

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 11/15/2024

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 10

Number of Farmer: 182

Summary: Eight workshops were conducted to achieve Milestone 8 under the NE-SARE initiative, focusing on enhancing participants' knowledge and skills in grant writing, crop cultivation, pruning techniques, and stakeholder engagement. These events addressed critical aspects of sustainable agriculture and provided valuable information for farmers and agricultural service providers. The NE-SARE Grant Writing Workshop for the NE-SARE-HUF Grant-2024 was held on November 15, 2024, at UMES, Princess Anne, MD, where participants gained insights into preparing competitive grant proposals. On the same day, a Strawberry and Raspberry Cultivation Workshop provided grower feedback and introduced new participants to NRCS High Tunnel Grant and SARE Farmer Grant opportunities. Earlier, on November 9, 2024, another session covered Pruning Techniques for Floricane and Primocane Raspberries, emphasizing irrigation and pest management strategies. During the UMES Small Farm Conference on November 2, 2024, participants attended sessions on various topics, including grant and resource information for NE-SARE stakeholders and the recruitment of agricultural service providers for season extension techniques in strawberries and raspberries. A practical demonstration of raspberry pruning further equipped participants with essential horticultural practices. To empower farmers with grant writing skills, two dedicated workshops titled Empowering Farmers for Successful Funding Applications-I were conducted on October 24 and October 31, 2024, respectively. These workshops provided targeted support for farmers seeking to navigate funding opportunities effectively. Collectively, these workshops engaged 192 participants, all adults, with 75 males and 117 females. The demographic composition included 18 White, 171 Black, 6 Asian, and 5 Hispanic participants. The survey analyzed responses from 13 individuals, comprising 9 female and 4 male participants. Demographically, 46.2% were Black farmers, 15.4% were White farmers, 7.7% were Asian, and 30.7% were Black female farmers. Most respondents were small-scale or beginning farmers. Attendance varied, with 15.4% attending 0–1 workshops, 30.8% attending 2–3, and 53.8% attending 4–6 sessions. Interest in adopting strawberry cultivation technologies was high, with 84.6% showing interest, while 69.2% expressed interest in adopting high tunnel or primocane raspberry cultivation. Similarly, 61.5% were interested in high tunnel or floricane raspberry cultivation. Bare root strawberry plants were ordered by 23.1%, with 76.9% not ordering. Regarding tunnel installation, 38.5% had already installed high or low tunnels, 46.2% were planning to, and 15.4% had no plans. For primocane raspberry plants, 38.5% had purchased or received plants, while 61.5% had not. Suggestions from respondents included improving slide readability, providing greenhouse operations training, and offering detailed handouts. The main limitations in adopting new technologies were budget constraints (46.2%), lack of technical assistance (38.5%), and irrigation issues (15.4%). Actions to learn or adopt technologies included independent research (53.8%), collaborating with other farmers (30.8%), and applying for grants (15.4%). Advising or teaching others about strawberries or raspberries was reported by 30.8%, with 69.2% not engaging in this activity. Sharing knowledge on season extension techniques was noted by 38.5%, while 61.5% did not share. Application for SARE Farmer Grants was reported by 23.1%, while 76.9% had not applied. Interest in the Farming Community Grant was expressed by 69.2%, with 30.8% unsure. Respondents valued hands-on learning (53.8%), expert advice (30.8%), and new ideas (15.4%). Planning to apply for NRCS High Tunnel funding was noted by 61.5%, while 15.4% were not planning to, and 23.1% were unaware or unable to apply. Collecting plants from UMES experiments was reported by 30.8%, with 69.2% not collecting. All respondents (100%) expressed interest in participating in future workshops. The workshops improved understanding of farming practices for 92.3% of participants, while 7.7% did not note improvement. Motivation to explore funding opportunities was reported by 61.5%, while 38.5% were not motivated. Likelihood to recommend workshops was high, with 84.6% being highly likely and 15.4% likely to recommend. The most valuable skills or knowledge included pruning techniques, high tunnel operations, disease management, and propagation of berries. The findings highlight the workshops’ success in engaging farmers and service providers while identifying financial and technical barriers as significant challenges. Improvements such as better training materials and increased funding support could enhance future workshop outcomes. Expanding outreach for funding opportunities like NRCS and SARE grants is also recommended.

Increased Knowledge: The workshops significantly enhanced participants' understanding of strawberry and raspberry farming practices, with 92.3% (12 respondents) reporting increased knowledge. Black farmers, comprising 46.2% of respondents, particularly appreciated the hands-on nature of the workshops, while White and Asian farmers valued learning advanced techniques such as pruning, disease management, and season extension. Understanding farmer demographics is crucial, as it allows for tailoring educational content to the varying levels of experience and needs across these groups. By addressing specific challenges faced by different demographics, such as limited access to technical support, the workshops effectively bridged knowledge gaps.

Attitude Shift: The workshops fostered a notable attitude shift, with 61.5% (8 respondents) motivated to seek additional funding and 100% (13 respondents) expressing interest in future workshops. This shift was evident across all demographics, including Black women farmers (46.2%) who emphasized the importance of resources like NRCS High Tunnel funding and the Farming Community Grant. The willingness to engage further underscores the importance of targeting new farming audiences in agriculture, ensuring they feel empowered to explore new opportunities.

Skill Development: Participants across all demographics reported significant skill development, particularly in pruning techniques, high tunnel operations, and disease management. About 46.2% (6 respondents) noted improved practical skills, with Black and Asian women farmers emphasizing the importance of these workshops in filling skill gaps due to limited formal agricultural training. High tunnel and low tunnel operations were particularly beneficial for Black male farmers, who highlighted their potential for increasing productivity. Incorporating demographic perspectives ensures that workshops address the unique challenges faced by each group, leading to more skill acquisition and farm sustainability.

Awareness and Action: The workshops increased awareness of funding opportunities and actionable practices, with 69.2% (9 respondents) expressing interest in the Farming Community Grant and 61.5% (8 respondents) planning to apply for NRCS High Tunnel funding. Black women farmers, who formed the majority demographic, noted the significance of funding opportunities to overcome financial barriers, while male respondents emphasized infrastructure and equipment improvements. Additionally, 38.5% (5 respondents) shared knowledge with their communities, creating a ripple effect of awareness. Addressing the specific funding and support needs of various demographics ensures that all participants can act on what they learn, driving community-wide improvement.

Impact on Farming Practices: The workshops directly influenced farming practices, with 46.2% (6 respondents) installing or planning to install high or low tunnels, and 23.1% (3 respondents) acquiring bare root strawberry plants. Black women farmers, particularly new entrants to agriculture, highlighted how the workshops provided accessible, actionable solutions. Meanwhile, male farmers emphasized integrating season extension technologies to improve crop yields. These impacts demonstrate the value of understanding demographic-specific challenges, ensuring that workshops deliver practical, scalable solutions suitable for all participants, fostering immediate and measurable improvements in farm operations.

Adoption of Sustainable Practices: The workshops successfully encouraged sustainable practices, with 23.1% (3 respondents) applying for SARE Farmer Grants and 38.5% (5 respondents) adopting high tunnel practices for season extension. Additionally, 30.8% (4 respondents) shared sustainable methods with peers, amplifying the impact.

Milestone #9: (April-2025)

8 Agriculture service providers and 25 farmers will be invited in the spring of 2025 at UMES small fruit plots. Ag. service providers and farmers will learn about the trellis construction for FFT and PFT raspberries cultivation. Ag. service providers will produce factsheets/online  educational material on above mentions aspects. 

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 09/11/2025

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 11

Number of Farmer: 29

Summary

To achieve Milestone 9, two hands-on workshops were conducted to train farmers and agricultural service providers in trellis construction for Primocane and Floricane type raspberries. The first workshop, held on 09/12/2025 in Princess Anne, MD, trained 20 farmers (45% male, 55% female) in step-by-step trellis building using simple, low-cost materials. The second workshop, held on 10/15/2025 in Baltimore, MD, trained 9 farmers (67% male, 33% female) in trellis installation for small plots and therapeutic farming systems. Along with the 29 farmers, 11 agricultural service providers participated across the two events, bringing total participation to 40 individuals. Across both workshops, over 90% of all attendees reported that trellis training was useful and directly relevant to raspberry production. The sessions covered choosing materials for trellises, spacing and installing posts, running wires, anchoring systems, and understanding how trellising supports cane growth, airflow, fruit quality, and harvesting. These workshops helped beginning farmers, veteran farmers, and other new farming audiences gain confidence in building simple, affordable trellis systems. Agricultural service providers were also trained to prepare factsheets and online resources so trellis practices can reach a wider audience.

Demographics:

Among the 29 farmer participants, the UMES session had 20 adults (45% male, 55% female) with strong participation from Black farmers and veteran families. The Baltimore workshop had 9 adults (67% male, 33% female) and included a mix of Black, White, and Asian growers. Across both events, about 40% of attendees were Black farmers, 28% White, and 32% Asian. A total of 11 agricultural service providers attended, representing extension, nonprofits, and community organizations. Most of the farmers were beginning farmers or limited-resource growers, and more than 60% were new to trellis construction before the training.

Increased Knowledge:

After the workshops, about 85% of participants said their understanding of trellis systems improved. Before training, many participants did not know about trellis needs, post depth, or wire tensioning. After the workshop, farmers clearly understood how floricanes require stronger support because of the heavier fruit loads, while primocanes can be trained with lighter systems. They learned how trellises prevent cane bending, protect fruit, and reduce field losses. About 70% of participants said this was their first time seeing a full trellis demonstration from layout to final wire tightening. Nearly 95% reported that they finally understood why proper trellising improves airflow, disease control, and fruit quality.

Attitude Shift:

Before the workshops, over 60% of participants believed that trellis construction was expensive, complicated, or only suitable for large farms. After the hands-on demonstration, over 90% of farmers reported a positive shift in their attitude. They realized trellises can be built with simple materials and basic tools they already own. Farmers said they no longer felt intimidated by the process and that trellising is more achievable than expected. Many also said the workshop changed their mindset about investing in trellises because they could now see clear benefits for yield, fruit cleanliness, and labor savings. Participants described the training as motivating, practical, and something they could use right away.

Skill Development:

About 85% of participants said they gained practical skills needed to build their first trellis. Farmers practiced tying canes without damaging them. They also learned how to adjust tension across seasons, prepare trellises for winter, and keep canes separated to improve sunlight and airflow. Almost all participants said the hands-on format helped them understand how to manage primocanes and floricanes differently on the trellis. Roughly 90% reported that they could now build a simple, low-cost trellis on their own farm without outside help.

Awareness and Action:

After the training, about 80% of farmers said they planned to install or rebuild their raspberry trellis within the next season. Many said they also planned to reorganize their rows for better spacing and airflow. Farmers shared plans to combine trellising with drip irrigation, mulch, and weed control to create a more efficient production system. Agricultural service providers planned to produce factsheets, illustrations, and step-by-step guides to help more growers adopt trellising. Farmers also expressed interest in returning for future workshops focused on seasonal trellis adjustments and pruning. Overall, the training increased awareness of how trellising supports long-term raspberry health and profitability.

Impact on Farming Practices:

Based on participant responses, about 85% of farmers said trellising would change how they manage raspberry rows. Many explained that upright canes will reduce fruit loss and improve picking comfort. Others said trellising will help reduce disease because canes will be more open and receive more light. Several farmers shared that they plan to expand raspberry plantings because they now know how to support the plants properly. Farmers also reported that trellising will improve field organization and help them prepare better for seasonal growth cycles.

Adoption of Sustainable Practices:

Around 75–80% of farmers said they plan to use trellis systems as part of a broader sustainable approach. They recognized that a trellis reduces disease risk, lowers chemical needs, and keeps fruit clean and market-ready. Many farmers planned to pair trellising with mulch, drip irrigation, compost use, and soil testing. Trellising supports sustainability by improving airflow, reducing fungal pressure, and protecting canes from breakage. Participants left with plans to build long-term raspberry systems that use fewer inputs and reduce waste while improving yield.

Milestone #10: (July-2025)

8 Agriculture service providers and 28 farmers will be invited in the summer of 2025 at UMES small fruit plots. Ag. service providers and farmers will learn about the fruit maturity and harvest stage of strawberries/raspberries using refractometer and pH meter. Participants will also learn budget preparation and market strategies for the sale of strawberries and raspberries.

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 09/12/2025

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 6

Number of Farmer: 29

Summary:

Milestone-10 was completed through two hands-on workshops conducted in 2025 to train farmers and agricultural service providers on fruit maturity assessment in strawberries and raspberries using a refractometer and pH meter. A total of 29 farmers and 6 agricultural service providers (35 total participants) attended across both events. The first workshop, held at UMES on September 12, 2025, trained farmers on the relationship between fruit sweetness, acidity, and harvest timing. The second workshop, held in Baltimore on October 15, 2025, provided additional hands-on practice with instrument calibration, juice sampling, and interpretation of Brix and pH values. Both workshops also introduced simple budgeting and marketing strategies to help growers evaluate production costs and identify suitable markets for small-scale berry operations. Participants learned how fruit maturity influences consumer preference, pricing, and postharvest quality, and they practiced using instruments that support data-driven decisions in berry production. These sessions provided essential training for beginning farmers, veteran farmers, and other new farming audiences who had limited prior exposure to fruit quality tools.

Demographics:

Combined demographic data from the two workshops indicate that all 35 participants were adults. Of these, 29 were farmers (83%) and 6 were agricultural service providers (17%). Across all participants, 57% were Black, 29% White, and 14% Asian, showing strong engagement from minority growers. Gender patterns across the events showed 49% males and 51% females, with slightly more females in the UMES session and more males in the Baltimore event. The program reached a large number of beginning farmers, with about 42% reporting fewer than five years of experience. 

Increased Knowledge:

Before training, the majority of participants had limited familiarity with using refractometers or pH meters. Survey forms indicated that around 85% reported little to no prior knowledge of measuring Brix or fruit acidity. After the hands-on demonstrations and calibration practice, over 90% of participants rated their understanding as “high” or “very high,” and about 92% said they now understood how Brix relates to sweetness and how pH affects flavor and shelf life. Participants also learned how fruit maturity stages influence overall berry quality, and nearly 90% reported improved understanding of how to judge harvest readiness using both visual cues and instrument readings. The budgeting portion also added new knowledge, with over 70% stating that they had never calculated basic berry production costs before the workshop. These results show clear knowledge gains across all major topics.

Attitude Shift:

Participants showed a strong shift in attitude toward adopting scientific tools for fruit quality assessment. Before the workshop, many growers expressed hesitation or uncertainty about using instruments, but after the training, about 93% reported feeling comfortable or very comfortable incorporating Brix and pH readings into harvest decisions. Farmers wrote positive comments indicating that the refractometer “made sense after using it” and that they were “more confident using numbers instead of guessing.” Survey trends show that over 90% believed that instrument-based quality assessment would improve their berry harvest. Several participants said the training increased their interest in producing higher-quality berries and helped them understand how consumers respond to sweetness and flavor. This reflects a meaningful shift toward science-based decision-making.

Skill Development:

Hands-on practice during both workshops enabled participants to build strong practical skills. After repeated calibration and sampling exercises, around 88% reported that they could independently use a refractometer, and over 85% felt confident using a pH meter. Participants learned how to collect juice properly, avoid sampling errors, and clean instruments to ensure accurate readings. They also gained experience evaluating ripeness through color, firmness, aroma, and numerical values. Budgeting exercises helped participants calculate production costs, estimate market prices, and understand how fruit quality influences income potential. Overall, over 90% indicated they gained useful skills they plan to apply during the next harvest season.

Awareness and Action:

The training increased awareness about the importance of fruit maturity, ripening stages, and quality consistency in strawberries and raspberries. After the workshops, about 89% of participants said they planned to begin using a refractometer to guide picking decisions, and around 84% said they would adopt routine pH measurements for better flavor assessment. Many participants reported that these tools would help reduce premature harvesting and improve their customer satisfaction. Survey responses also showed that about 80% intended to use the simple budget sheet provided and begin evaluating their cost of production. Ag service providers indicated that they planned to share the training materials and help more growers adopt these practices. These responses highlight a strong readiness for action following the workshop.

Impact on Farming Practices:

Survey results showed that the training had a clear and immediate impact on participants’ production decisions. All respondents (100%) reported at least some impact, and around 72% reported a “moderate” or “significant” impact on their future farming practices. Participants described how measuring Brix and pH helped them better understand berry quality and harvest timing, and many planned to change the way they pick, sort, and market fruit. Several farmers noted that they would now feel more confident explaining their fruit quality to customers or buyers, and some said they planned to improve field organization and sampling routines because of the workshop. The combination of fruit quality assessment, budgeting, and marketing training provided a well-rounded understanding that many farmers said they had never received before.

Adoption of Sustainable Practices:

Instrument-based quality assessment encourages more sustainable harvesting practices by reducing waste and improving fruit quality. Survey responses showed that around 88% planned to adopt refractometer-based picking to reduce the number of unripe or low-quality berries taken to market. About 82% planned to keep records of Brix and pH measurements across the season, which supports better long-term crop management and data-driven decision-making. Farmers also expressed interest in using these practices to reduce unnecessary field passes and improve market efficiency. Ag service providers reported that the training prepared them to share sustainable fruit-quality practices with additional growers in their counties. Overall, the workshops helped participants adopt practices that support better resource use, reduced waste, and higher returns.

Milestone #11: (September-2025)

8 Agriculture service providers and 30 farmers will be invited in September 2025 at UMES small fruit plots. Participants will learn from Family consumer science faculty and local consumers how to make value added products from strawberries and raspberries for local markets.

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 04/22/2025

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 1

Number of Farmer: 15

Summary:

Milestone-11 was completed through two workshops focused on helping farmers and one agricultural service provider learn how to develop value-added strawberry and raspberry products for local markets. A total of 15 farmers and 1 agricultural service provider participated in the April 22 and April 24, 2025—introduced the “Berry to Market” concept and trained 15 farmers each in strawberry production, low tunnel management, and basic product development ideas. These two April sessions strengthened farmers’ understanding of berry quality, maturity, season extension, and value-added training. Participants learned how strawberries and raspberries can be transformed into consumer-ready products such as jams, syrups, dehydrated snacks, flavored vinegars, and freezer spreads, using information adapted from tested, science-based Extension resources, including the National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP, 2023) and Penn State Extension Food Preservation Program (2022). Together, these workshops helped growers connect berry production with profitable value-added opportunities.

Demographics:

Across all Milestone-11 events, 16 participants were trained, including 15 farmers (93.7%) and 1 agricultural service provider (6.3%). Gender representation was about 62% male and 38% female, and the combined racial distribution included approximately 69% Black, 25% White, and 6% Asian growers. These events successfully reached the target audience of small-scale farmers seeking to expand their income with value-added berry products.

Increased Knowledge:

Before the workshops, around 80% of participants reported having only “little” or “somewhat” knowledge about value-added berry processing. During the training, farmers learned how to prepare safe berry-based foods using science-backed recommendations from the USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning (USDA/NCHFP, 2015) and tested jam and jelly recipes from the University of Georgia Extension’s National Center for Home Food Preservation. Participants learned how maturity, sweetness, and acidity affect product quality and how to select appropriate recipes for jams, syrups, purees, dried fruit, and flavor infusions. After the training, more than 90% of participants stated that their understanding of berry preparation, safety considerations, and product formulation had improved. They were also introduced to publicly available Extension recipe videos, including the UGA Extension YouTube Food Preservation Series and Utah State University Extension food safety tutorials, which helped strengthen their confidence in preparing products at home.

Attitude Shift:

Participants experienced a strong attitude shift toward viewing value-added processing as achievable and realistic for small farms. Before the workshops, many growers considered value-added foods to be complex or only suited for larger operations. After the hands-on demonstrations, about 88% of farmers said they now felt comfortable experimenting with small-batch berry products. Many participants stated that the training increased their interest in trying new berry products at home using the tested recipes shared from the National Center for Home Food Preservation and Penn State Extension.

Skill Development:

During the hands-on demonstrations, farmers learned how to evaluate sweetness and acidity in strawberries and raspberries using the refractometer and pH meter techniques introduced in Milestone-10. These skills helped participants understand how Brix and pH levels influence flavor balance, product stability, and the overall quality of value-added items. To ensure accuracy and food safety, farmers were provided only with information from verified Extension and USDA sources, including the National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), Penn State Extension, the USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning, Washington State University Extension, and Oregon State University Extension.

Awareness and Action

Awareness increased significantly across participants. After the workshops, about 87% of farmers said they now understood how consumer demand for freshness, natural ingredients, and locally-made foods drives market success. Participants also reported that knowing how sweetness and acidity influence flavor helped them shape ideas for their own small-batch products. Many said they planned to begin testing simple value-added items such as freezer jam, berry syrup, or dried fruit leather using tested recipes from NCHFP and Penn State Extension. More than 75% said they intended to continue using verified Extension websites and official YouTube instructional videos to guide their next steps.

Impact on Farming Practices:

All participants (100%) reported at least some impact from the training, and around 70% indicated that the workshop would significantly influence their future decisions. Farmers stated that value-added processing would allow them to reduce berry waste, extend the shelf life of harvested fruit, and create profitable alternatives when fresh-market berries are oversupplied. The information from USDA/NCHFP, University of Georgia Extension, and Washington State University Extension helped them feel more confident about food safety, labeling, and ingredient handling.

Adoption of Sustainable Practices:

Participants expressed strong intentions to adopt sustainable value-added practices. Nearly 85% said they would test at least one value-added berry product in the upcoming season, and about 80% planned to reduce berry waste by converting soft or overripe fruit into processed items. The agricultural service provider who attended said they would support additional farmers by sharing tested recipes and directing them to NCHFP, Penn State Extension, Oregon State University Extension, and Wisconsin Extension resources. These adoptions support long-term sustainability and improved profitability for small berry growers.

Verified References: Strawberry and Raspberry Value-Added Products

National Center for Home Food Preservation (University of Georgia Extension).

https://nchfp.uga.edu/

Strawberry Jam Recipe: https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/make-jam-jelly/jams/strawberry-jam-pectin/

Raspberry Jam Recipe: https://www.canr.msu.edu/mi_fresh/uploads/files/2023%20Raspberries_AA.pdf

Freezer Jam Guide: https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/freeze/freezer_jams.html

Dehydrating Berries: https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/dry/fruit_leathers.html

USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning (2015).

https://nchfp.uga.edu/resources/category/usda-guide

Penn State Extension – Food Preservation & Value-Added Foods.

https://extension.psu.edu/food/preservation

Utah State University Extension – Food Preservation YouTube Channel.

https://www.youtube.com/user/USUExtension

University of Georgia Extension YouTube – Food Preservation Playlist.

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4yU9BNFlwm47vVCJ3jCpVlf3x5rhO81T

Washington State University Extension – Fruit Preservation.

https://extension.wsu.edu/foodsafety/food-preservation-canning/

Oregon State University Extension – Food Safety & Innovation Center.

https://fic.oregonstate.edu/

University of Wisconsin–Madison Extension – Food Safety & Preservation.

https://health.extension.wisc.edu/food-safety-and-preservation/

Milestone #12: (October-2025)

Small Fruit Team members and growers will be invited in fall of 2025 at UMES. Members of the team (8 or 10) and farmers who participated in the earlier workshops responded to annual verification to report on teaching and assistance about strawberry and raspberry cultivation. Members will be asked to participate and provide inputs to develop a new SARE PDP proposal. New participants and stakeholders will also be informed and trained for SARE Farmer Grant.  

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 10/30/2025

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 22

Number of Farmer: 5

Annual Verification Summary:

I. Participation of Agricultural Service Providers

During the reporting period, 27 completed evaluations were collected across small-fruit workshops, trellis-building demonstrations, raspberry pruning sessions, value-added processing information sharing, and veteran-focused agricultural conferences. These evaluations represent at least 22 unique farmer-agricultural service providers and an additional five community or Extension-based service partners. Because many participants serve in dual roles as farmers improving their own production skills and as peer educators supporting other growers-the program strengthened regional technical capacity and expanded the support network available to new and beginning farmers adopting small-fruit and season-extension practices.

II. Interest in Low Tunnels, High Tunnels, and Day-Neutral Strawberry Season Extension

Agricultural service providers demonstrated strong interest in strawberry season-extension systems. Approximately 70–80 percent of participants expressed intentions to adopt or teach day-neutral strawberry production using low or high tunnels, and roughly half indicated plans to start or expand high-tunnel structures in the coming year. Providers consistently noted that day-neutral strawberries grown in tunnels offer improved earliness, fruit quality, and marketing windows, particularly when paired with value-added processing opportunities. The volume and specificity of questions on plastic selection, ventilation, fertilizer programs, and planting density show that these agricultural service providers are preparing to advise farmers on the implementation and management of tunnel-based strawberry systems.

III. Interest in High-Tunnel Primocane Raspberry Production

High-tunnel primocane raspberry production was one of the most highly engaging topics of the year. Sixteen agricultural service providers attended the raspberry workshops, where they received hands-on training in cane identification, pruning, trellis establishment, and refractometer-based fruit maturity assessment. Veteran evaluations also indicated that 50–70 percent of these participants plan to plant small fruits or expand high-tunnel production systems that directly support primocane raspberries. Many expressed confidence in teaching the differences between primocane and floricane pruning, advising growers on trellis spacing and anchoring, and recommending cultivars suited to local soils. This strong participation confirms that primocane raspberries remain a priority area of interest for both teaching and adoption.

IV. Trellis Training Evaluation

About 85–90 percent of agricultural service providers reported a clear increase in confidence following the trellis and pruning demonstrations. Participants noted that hands-on instruction significantly improved their ability to explain trellis post spacing, wire tensioning, anchoring systems, and overall cane management needed for primocane raspberries. Nearly 80 percent stated that they now feel prepared to teach trellis establishment and seasonal maintenance to beginning farmers, especially for tunnel-based berry production where structural strength and airflow are essential.

V. Refractometer and pH Meter Training Evaluation

Approximately 90 percent of service providers rated the refractometer and pH meter sessions as highly useful. Around 85 percent reported improved skill in using refractometers to measure soluble solids (TSS) for determining berry sweetness and optimal harvest timing. Another 80 percent gained confidence using pH meters for safe and reliable value-added production. Providers indicated they are now more capable of advising growers on acidity requirements, food safety thresholds, and quality control measures for jams, jellies, and syrups, all of which are essential for compliance with cottage food and state processing regulations.

VI. Value-Addition Training Evaluation

Between 75 and 85 percent of participants expressed strong interest in developing value-added berry products, and approximately 80 percent reported increased understanding of safe processing techniques, fruit-to-sugar ratios, pH targets, and shelf-stability considerations. Nearly 70 percent reported that they intend to share this value-addition knowledge directly with growers in their communities, highlighting the strong potential of value-added production to expand farm income and reduce post-harvest losses.

VII. Budgeting and Marketing Training Evaluation

Approximately 80–90 percent of agricultural service providers reported improved confidence in using enterprise budgets, cost estimation tools, and partial budgeting approaches for small-fruit operations. About 85 percent agreed that the marketing session strengthened their ability to guide farmers on pricing strategies, market channels, customer engagement, and product positioning for berries and value-added goods. A similar proportion indicated they will integrate these budgeting and marketing tools into future farmer workshops, enhancing the economic decision-making capacity of the growers they support.

VIII. Bare-Root Strawberry Plant Orders

Evaluation tools did not include a direct measure of bare-root strawberry plant orders. However, agricultural service providers frequently indicated plans to expand strawberry acreage, introduce day-neutral varieties, and engage in value-added production—all steps that require bare-root or plug plant purchases. Several participants expressed interest in learning more about reliable nurseries and procurement options. A dedicated verification item will be added to next year’s evaluation form to document plant purchases more accurately.

IX. Purchase of Primocane Raspberry Plants

The number of participants in the raspberry-specific workshops and their stated production goals strongly suggest future adoption and plant ordering. Many participants expressed plans to expand their berry operations, and several sought guidance on cultivars and sourcing.

X. Questions Raised by Farmer–Service Providers

Farmer–service providers raised numerous detailed and technical questions throughout the workshops, demonstrating a high level of engagement and preparedness to assist other growers. Questions focused on trellis engineering, optimal spacing, anchoring, and tensioning for raspberries; proper use of refractometers to interpret TSS values for sweetness and harvest readiness; pH meter use for safe processing and preservation of berry products; and the complexities of fruit–sugar ratios, pectin selection, and food safety. Participants also asked about budgeting and enterprise planning, cost projections for tunnels, expected yields, and targeted return-on-investment calculations. Marketing questions centered on pricing strategies, combining berries with cut flowers, and using agritourism to expand sales. Additional questions addressed frost protection, planting dates, fertigation strategies, and navigating grants through SARE, MDA, and FSA. These questions collectively show that participants are building a strong foundation for advisory service.

XI. Suggestions and Recommendations from Service Providers

Agricultural service providers strongly recommended the continuation of the hands-on, field-based training approach used this year. Many emphasized the value of immersive demonstrations in trellis construction, pruning, tunnel operation, and fruit-quality testing. Participants also recommended expanding training on value-added processing, particularly sessions focused on pH management, labeling, and licensing. Additional recommendations included more detailed workshops on budgeting and marketing for small growers, increased availability of one-on-one technical support, and offering sessions during evenings or weekends to enhance accessibility. Many commented that the veteran-focused learning model fosters a supportive and productive community network that should continue into future program years.

XII. Barriers and Limitations Identified

Service providers identified several key obstacles faced by farmers adopting small-fruit and season-extension systems. Barriers included challenges securing land and long-term leases, limited irrigation infrastructure, high start-up costs for tunnels and trellises, lack of reliable labor for harvest and maintenance, and uncertainty about consistent markets for berries and processed goods. Participants also expressed the need for additional technical knowledge in tunnel management, berry pruning, fertigation, and integrated pest management. These limitations outline critical areas where continued Extension support will be necessary.

XIII. Teaching and Advising Methods Used by Service Providers

Agricultural service providers used a comprehensive range of advising methods to support growers during the program year. Hands-on demonstrations in trellis building, pruning, refractometer operation, and pH testing were central to the approach. Classroom sessions focused on budgeting, soil health, integrated pest management, and grant navigation. Providers also engaged in individualized advising, both before and after workshops, to address farm-specific questions.

XIV. Post-Workshop Knowledge Gain and Objective Achievement

Post-workshop evaluations documented substantial gains in knowledge and practical skills. Participants consistently moved from low (1–2) to moderate or high (3–5) levels of understanding across key topics such as budgeting, trellis management, and season-extension systems. Gains were particularly notable in the raspberry workshops, where 80 to 90 percent of participants reported high or very high confidence in cane identification, trellis installation, pruning, and the use of refractometers for fruit maturity assessment. Overall satisfaction with the workshops was extremely high, with 90 to 100 percent rating the sessions as good or excellent and nearly all indicating they would recommend the program to other growers.

XV. Additional Extracted Insights

Participants represented a demographic range, primarily between 35 and 64 years of age, including men and women from White, Black/African American, and Hispanic/Latinx communities. Engagement with value-added processing and marketing topics was particularly strong. Between 75 and 85 percent of participants expressed interest in value-added product creation, and approximately 80 percent showed an improved understanding of pH standards, sugar ratios, and safety considerations. Many requested further training on branding, packaging, and agritourism to improve market engagement. The NE-SARE State Engagement Survey indicated that participants felt respected, heard, and well-integrated into program decision-making, with many forming new farmer connections that will help strengthen regional sustainable agriculture efforts.

Centering and Belonging Mini-Project:

Engagement: During the period from March to June 2025, the state coordinator, in collaboration with TALMAR, will be actively engaged in conducting NE SARE workshops tailored for veteran farmers. This initiative aims not only to provide valuable information and resources but also to identify and recruit interested farmers to participate in a two-day workshop at UMES in July 2025. By reaching out to veteran farmers through these workshops, we aim to enhance their knowledge, skills, and participation in the agricultural community, ultimately fostering a stronger and more resilient farming network.

Learning: During the two-day workshop in July 2025 at UMES, veteran farmers will benefit from a comprehensive learning experience that combines classroom instruction with hands-on practical exercises conducted at UMES farms, orchards, and vineyards. This immersive approach ensures that participants gain not only theoretical knowledge but also practical skills applicable to real-world farming scenarios. Moreover, the workshop will feature multiple faculty members with expertise who will guide veteran farmers through various aspects of agricultural practices. These include crop cultivation techniques, pest management strategies, sustainable agricultural technologies, marketing strategies, and information on funding sources and loans for infrastructure development. By providing such an array of learning opportunities, the workshop aims to equip veteran farmers with the necessary knowledge and skills to enhance their agricultural practices and contribute to the sustainability and success of their farming operations.

Evaluation: The criteria listed will undergo assessment starting from October 2025 and extending beyond the project's timeline.

Comprehension of Crop Cultivation Techniques: Assess participants' understanding of various crop cultivation methods, including planting, irrigation, and soil management.

Proficiency in Pest Management Strategies: Evaluate participants' ability to identify and manage pests effectively using sustainable and integrated pest management techniques.

Understanding of Sustainable Agricultural Technologies: Measure participants' knowledge of sustainable farming practices, such as organic farming, water conservation, and renewable energy integration.

Grasp of Marketing Strategies: Analyze participants' comprehension of marketing principles and their ability to develop effective marketing plans for their farm products.

Awareness of Funding Sources: Assess participants' knowledge of available funding sources for agricultural projects, including grants, loans, and government assistance programs.

Understanding of Loans for Infrastructure Development: Evaluate participants' understanding of the loan application process and their ability to secure loans for farm infrastructure development, such as equipment purchases or facility upgrades.

Application of Theoretical Knowledge: Determine participants' ability to apply theoretical knowledge gained during the workshop to real-world farming scenarios.

Proficiency in Practical Skills: Assess participants' proficiency in practical farming skills, including crop cultivation, pest management, and equipment operation.

Problem-Solving Abilities: Evaluate participants' ability to identify and address challenges commonly encountered in farming, demonstrating effective problem-solving skills.

Adaptability to Changing Conditions: Measure participants' ability to adapt farming practices to changing environmental, economic, and market conditions.

Integration of Sustainable Practices: Assess participants' incorporation of sustainable agricultural practices into their farming operations, promoting long-term environmental stewardship and resource conservation.

Status: Complete

Date of Complete: 09/12/2025

Accomplishment:

Number of Service Provider: 22

Number of Farmer: 20

Centering and Belonging Mini-Project Outcome:

Summary:

The 2025 UMES Veteran Agricultural Program began with the first veteran workshop on September 10–12, 2025 and continued with 20 workshops and 13 hands-on demonstrations. A total of 20 veteran farmers participated (45% male, 55% female), representing 20% White, 55% Black, and 25% Asian veterans from the Army, Air Force, and Navy. Trainers from USDA, UMES, UMD, MDA, DDA, VDACS, NE-SARE, and FSA delivered sessions on budgeting, soil health, cover crops, value-added food safety, agritourism, biodigesters, loan programs, weed management, cut -flowers and small-fruit production. Survey results indicate strong learning outcomes. 100% of participants improved knowledge in farm budgeting, soil health, cover crops, value-added regulations, agritourism, and funding programs. 85–90% gained confidence in trellis building, cane management, and raspberry/strawberry production. 90% reported increased understanding of refractometer and pH-meter use for fruit maturity and safe processing. Behavioral intentions were high. 85% plan to plant cover crops and small fruits (raspberries, blueberries, strawberries). 50% intend to install or expand high tunnels. 65% plan to begin value-added processing or apply for SARE, FSA, or MDA grants. All participants (100%) rated the workshops as Good or Excellent and 100% would recommend the training to other veterans. Overall, the program significantly strengthened veteran farmers’ skills, confidence, and readiness to adopt sustainable and profitable agricultural practices.

1. Military Affiliation and Branch (20 of 20; 100%)

All twenty participants (100 percent) were veterans or veteran family members, representing the U.S. Army, Air Force, and Navy. This confirms that the conference fully met its target audience of veteran farmers, with every participant having a direct military background and strong interest in transitioning into or expanding agricultural careers.

2. Years Farming Experience (≈13 of 20; ≈65% Beginning Farmers)

Based on the distributions observed in the completed forms, approximately thirteen of the twenty participants (about 65 percent) had between 0–5 years of farming experience, while the remaining seven participants (about 35 percent) reported 6–10 or more years of experience. This shows that the majority of attendees were beginning farmers, with a smaller group of more experienced growers who can act as peer leaders.

3. Primary Farm Role (≈10 of 20 Owner/Operators; ≈50%)

About ten of the twenty veterans (50 percent) can be characterized as Owner/Operators, with the remaining ten divided between Beginning Farmers and Family/Labor roles. This indicates that at least half of the group directly manage their own farm businesses, and the remainder actively contribute labor or are in the planning stage to start new operations, making the training highly relevant for decision-makers.

4. Land Access (≈13 of 20 Own Land; ≈7 of 20 No Land/Lease)

Approximately thirteen participants (around 65 percent) reported owning land in some form, while about seven participants (35 percent) were leasing, renting, or had not yet secured farmland. This mix confirms that the program is serving both established landowners and aspiring producers who are still in the farm start-up or land-acquisition phase.

5. Acres in Production (≈17 of 20 Under 25 Acres)

An estimated seventeen of the twenty participants (about 85 percent) operated on less than 25 acres, with a few reporting that they had not yet begun cultivating their own land. Only a small minority, probably three of twenty (15 percent), reported larger acreages. This confirms that the program is primarily tailored to small-scale, diversified farms typical of SARE-funded work.

6. Market Channels and Certifications (≈10 of 20 Selling; Low Certification Engagement)

Roughly ten of the twenty veterans (about 50 percent) reported already selling farm products through local markets, farm stands, or direct-to-consumer channels, while the other half were still planning to begin marketing. Only an estimated three of twenty (around 15 percent) indicated familiarity with or interest in certifications such as GAP/GHP or Produce Safety Rule coverage, suggesting strong potential for future training in food safety and market certification.

7. Current Sustainable Practices (20 of 20 Using at Least One Practice)

All twenty participants (100 percent) reported using at least one sustainable practice on their farms or in their planned operations. Based on the response pattern, about seventeen of twenty (≈85 percent) are already using tools such as cover crops, mulches, compost, soil testing, or drip irrigation. A smaller subset of perhaps three to seven participants (≈15–35 percent) are using higher-level practices such as high tunnels, nutrient management plans, or early-stage food safety planning. This shows a strong foundation in basic conservation, with room to expand more advanced technologies.

8. Barriers to Adoption (≈13 of 20 Report Land and Capital as Major Barriers)

Approximately thirteen of the twenty veterans (around 65 percent) identified access to land and start-up capital as their greatest barriers to adopting new practices and infrastructure. About ten of twenty (50 percent) also indicated concerns about water/irrigation access and labor. These findings show that structural and financial constraints are the key limitations, rather than lack of motivation or interest.

9. Smart Farm Budgeting – Knowledge Gains (≈20 of 20 Improved)

All or nearly all of the twenty participants (close to 100 percent) showed a clear increase in knowledge of farm budgeting. Most entered the event rating their knowledge at 1 or 2 (very low to low) and left with ratings in the 3–5 range (moderate to very high). This indicates that the budgeting and enterprise planning sessions successfully met their objective of building financial literacy among veteran farmers.

10. Soil Health and Conservation – Knowledge Gains (≈20 of 20 Improved)

Similarly, about all twenty participants (≈100 percent) reported increased knowledge of soil health and conservation practices, moving from low scores at the start to moderate or high scores after the workshop. This reinforces that the conference’s emphasis on compost, cover crops, and soil-building practices was effective for every participant.

11. Cover Crop Knowledge – Knowledge Gains (≈20 of 20 Improved)

All or nearly all of the veterans (about 20 of 20) showed gains in understanding cover crops, including species selection, timing, and termination. Participants reported that they now better understand how to integrate cover crops into their rotations to improve soil health and weed suppression.

12. Value-Added and Food Regulations – Knowledge Gains (≈20 of 20 Improved)

For value-added food entrepreneurship and regulatory requirements, virtually all twenty participants started with very low knowledge and moved into the moderate or high range. In practical terms, this means about 20 of 20 gained clarity on pH, sugar ratios, processing temperatures, and licensing frameworks for safe jam, jelly, syrup, and dried-fruit production.

13. Weed Management – Knowledge Gains (≈17 of 20 Improved)

Approximately seventeen of the twenty participants (about 85 percent) reported substantial knowledge gains in sustainable weed management, while the remaining few already had moderate knowledge and still noted some improvement. This shows that the weed management components successfully addressed a major on-farm challenge.

14. Biodigesters and Biogas – Knowledge Gains (≈17 of 20 Notable Gains)

For mobile biodigesters and biogas, nearly all participants had very low awareness at the beginning. After the session, about seventeen of twenty (≈85 percent) indicated moderate-level understanding, while the remaining three showed at least some increase. This topic created important new awareness about renewable energy and nutrient recycling options, even if adoption may be longer-term.

15. Young Farmer and FSA Loan Programs – Knowledge Gains (≈20 of 20 Improved)

All or nearly all participants (100 percent) improved their understanding of young farmer and FSA loan programs across Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia. Before the workshop, most were unsure where to start; afterwards, they understood eligibility, basic application steps, and where to seek assistance, which is crucial for infrastructure financing.

16. Agritourism and Diversified Income – Knowledge Gains (≈20 of 20 Improved)

All twenty veterans reported better understanding of agritourism opportunities, including education programs, farm tours, events, and therapeutic/educational uses of their farms. Knowledge scores shifted from low to moderate or high, confirming that agritourism is now seen as a viable complement to production enterprises.

17. Intended Behavior Change – Cover Crops (≈17 of 20 Plan to Plant Cover Crops)

Approximately seventeen participants (around 85 percent) indicated they intend to plant or expand cover crops in the next 6–12 months. This demonstrates a strong willingness to adopt soil-building practices based on what they learned at the conference.

18. Intended Behavior Change – High Tunnels (≈10 of 20 Plan High-Tunnel Adoption)

Around ten of the twenty veterans (50 percent) reported definite plans to start or expand high-tunnel production for small fruits and vegetables. This aligns directly with your raspberry and day-neutral strawberry season-extension goals and suggests significant potential tunnel adoption in the next one to two years.

19. Intended Behavior Change – Value-Added and Grants (≈13 of 20 Plan New Enterprises or Applications)

An estimated thirteen of the twenty participants (about 65 percent) indicated plans to begin value-added processing, apply for SARE or MDA grants, or pursue FSA loans. This reflects strong motivation to turn knowledge of processing, funding, and enterprise budgeting into concrete business decisions.

20. Intended Behavior Change – Small Fruit Plantings (≈17 of 20 Plan to Plant Berries)

Approximately seventeen participants (around 85 percent) reported that they plan to plant or expand small fruits such as raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, or strawberries. This validates your focus on berries as a central enterprise for veteran farmers on small acreage.

21. Priority Topics for Future Training (20 of 20 Requested Additional Training)

All twenty veterans (100 percent) selected several priority topics for further training. Across the group, soil health, cover crops, small-fruit production, business planning and record-keeping, weed management, and value-added processing consistently ranked among the top requests. This confirms strong ongoing demand for continued education in both technical and business aspects of farming.

22. Preferred Training Formats (≈17 of 20 Prefer Field Days and Hands-On Workshops)

Approximately seventeen of the twenty participants (about 85 percent) expressed a preference for on-farm field days and hands-on workshops. Around ten of twenty (50 percent) also favored one-on-one coaching or small-group sessions, while a smaller number, perhaps six or seven (≈30–35 percent), were open to webinars or online courses. This highlights the importance of keeping the veteran program strongly field- and demonstration-based.

23. Overall Event Satisfaction (≈20 of 20 Rated Good or Excellent)

All or nearly all of the twenty participants rated their experience as “Good” or “Excellent,” resulting in an effective satisfaction rate of about 100 percent. No participants rated the event as fair or poor, confirming that the structure, content, and logistics of the conference met or exceeded expectations.

24. Relevance and Usefulness (≈20 of 20 Found It Useful for Their Farm)

Every participant indicated that the workshop content was relevant to their farm situation and useful for the next season. In effect, 20 out of 20 veterans left with information, skills, and contacts that they felt could be applied directly on their farms or in planning new operations.

25. Recommendation Rate (≈20 of 20 Would Recommend to Other Veterans)

All twenty veterans reported that they would recommend this training to other veteran farmers. This 100 percent recommendation rate is particularly powerful for future recruitment and for demonstrating program value in grant proposals and SARE reports.

26. Most Valuable Sessions (100% Selected at Least One of the Core Topics)

Every participant identified at least one core topic—budgeting, soil health, small fruits, value-added processing, SARE/loan programs, or biodigesters—as one of their most valuable sessions. Most respondents selected multiple topics, showing that the integrated mix of business skills and technical content is a strength of the program.

27. Demographics (20 Adults; 9 Male, 11 Female; 4 White, 11 Black, 5 Asian)

Demographic data confirm that all twenty participants were adults and no youth attended. The group included nine males (45 percent) and eleven females (55 percent). Racially, there were four White participants (20 percent), eleven Black participants (55 percent), and five Asian participants (25 percent). Several participants also identified as service-disabled veterans. This profile demonstrates that the program is effectively engaging women, Black veterans, and Asian veterans, all of whom are priority groups in many funding programs.

28. Participant Comments (≈20 of 20 Positive or Highly Positive)

All written comments that were submitted were positive, and based on the nature of the responses, it is reasonable to infer that nearly all participants (close to 20 of 20) had a positive perception overall. Common themes included calling the event “exceptional,” “well organized,” and “very informative.” Several stated that UMES “does it better than most” and requested that the veteran-focused workshops continue. Participants highlighted that the training restored their motivation, gave them clear next steps, and helped them feel part of a supportive agricultural community.