Role of Ants and Other Predators as Pest Control Via Extrafloral Nectary Recruitment in Agroecosystems

Project Overview

GNE24-316
Project Type: Graduate Student
Funds awarded in 2024: $14,714.00
Projected End Date: 03/31/2026
Grant Recipient: Clark University
Region: Northeast
State: Massachusetts
Graduate Student:
Faculty Advisor:
Dr. Kaitlyn Mathis
Clark University

Commodities

  • Vegetables: cucurbits
  • Additional Plants: native plants

Practices

  • Crop Production: cropping systems, fallow, intercropping, pollinator habitat
  • Education and Training: demonstration, workshop
  • Farm Business Management: feasibility study
  • Natural Resources/Environment: biodiversity, habitat enhancement, indicators
  • Pest Management: biological control, cultivation, disease vectors, economic threshold, field monitoring/scouting, integrated pest management, weed ecology
  • Production Systems: agroecosystems, organic agriculture
  • Sustainable Communities: local and regional food systems, sustainability measures

    Proposal abstract:

    In agriculture, the mutualisms that ants and other predatory insects share with plants that produce extrafloral nectar (EFN) is understudied1. Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are structures that some plant groups produce that secrete nectar for the purpose of attracting omnivorous insects in exchange for protection from herbivores2. Ants are the most important insect group involved in this interaction, but other predatory insects visit EFNs and provide protection2–4. Conservation biocontrol is the concept of promoting habitat on farms that is attractive and hospitable to native beneficial insects, which provide essential services like pollination and pest removal. I aim to contribute to the knowledge of using EFN-producing plants as a means for conservation biocontrol in organic New England agroecosystems. Here, I outline a project designed around cucurbits using management practices common among organic farmers in Massachusetts. I will use partridge pea, an EFN-producing wildflower, as a companion plant in zucchini and cucumber plantings. I am also including buckwheat as a treatment as it is a well-studied non-EFN companion plant5,6. I will collect insect community, plant damage, and harvest data throughout the growing season, and compare these data across blocks containing combinations of the above crops + companions. For outreach, I plan to collaborate with the Xerces Society and run on-site insect conservation workshops tailored toward local farmers. Information gained from studies like mine will build on our understanding of the plant-protecting activities that abundant omnivorous insects like ants provide, which may be a useful tool for farmers dedicated to sustainably growing food.

    Project objectives from proposal:

    1. Examine the effects of EFN-producing companion plants on insect communities associated with organic squash plantings in New England.
    2. Determine how EFN-producing companion plants influence the presence of pests, crop damage, and yield of cucurbit plantings.
    3. Determine whether companion plants influence crops with and without their own EFNs differently.
    Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and should not be construed to represent any official USDA or U.S. Government determination or policy.